American Indians of Texas By the end of

American Indians of Texas

By the end of this unit you should be able to answer the following questions: • How did the physical environment of where the American Indian tribes live affect their housing, occupation and lifestyles? • What were the result of farming and the domestication of animals? Compare hunter-gatherers (nomads) to farmers (permanent settlers) • How did the American Indians use irrigation to adapt to their environment? • What is the relationship between where Native Americans lived in Texas and where Texans lived today? • Why is the lifestyle of the Southeastern Native Americans different than those of that lived in the Plains?

VOCABULARY • • MIGRATION LAND BRIDGE NOMADS HUNTERGATHERER • DOMESTICATED • SEDENTARY • • • ADOBE IRRIGATION TRIBE PUEBLO NATIVE

Gulf Coast Peoples (nomadic and hunter-gatherers) • Karankawa- Southeast, used dugout canoes to fish and hunt small animals. Cabeza de Vaca wrote about karankawas. https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Su 80 f 26 u 7 P 8 • Coalhuiltecans- South Texas, ate bugs and small animals • Atakapans- hunted small animals and fished in dugout canoes, some farming

Plains Peoples (nomadic, dependant on the buffalo, fierce warriors) • Comanche-used every part of the buffalo, lived in tipis, domesticated animals before they were introduced to the horse by Europeans. • Apache-used buffalo hide to protect themselves from the harsh landscape. For part of the year, they lived in farming communities along rivers and streams called rancherias.

(Plains Peoples Cont. ) • Kiowas-recorded their oral histories on their tipis, made beautiful crafts, developed a calendar, and most-feared group on the plains.

Puebloan Peoples (sedentary, farmers, and lived in houses made of adobe) • Jumanos-besides farming, they hunted, traded and lived in beautiful painted adobe homes. • Tiguas-known for their beautiful pottery.

Southeastern Texas • Caddoes-built dome shaped huts, organized government system led by chief, women played important roles, greeted European with the word Tejas, which means friends • Wichitas- hunted buffaloes, grew crops, and known for the tattoos around their eyes known as “RACOON EYES”

Different types of American Indian Homes

Requirements EACH group must create 4 shadowboxes, each box must represent 1 region of Texas and the American Indians that lived there. • • Each region must show: Climate Way of life Plants and animals Landforms Food source Shelter/homes economy • Display all Gulf Coast peoples, Plains Peoples, Puebloan Peoples and Southeastern Texas Peoples in the region that they belong in!

Requirements Cont. • Write a 1 page paper explaining how climate, way of life, plants, animals and landforms effected the American Indians homes, food and economy. • GT: Paper must be MLA format with an annotated bibliography