AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY EQ How does American foreign

AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY EQ: How does American foreign policy balance the goals of human rights, democratization, economic growth, and national security? How does the United States implement foreign policy?

FOREIGN POLICY DOMESTIC POLICY How the government deals with social and economic issues within the U. S. How the government deals with other countries around the world. This is also called diplomacy.

- - FOREIGN POLICY Financial aid to other countries Trade relationships International human rights War & national security DOMESTIC POLICY - - - Schools Public Infrastructure Immigration Housing Food & drug policy Prisons Taxes 3

Countries use international organizations, alliances, treaties, and foreign policy to promote their own interests and the international common good.

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1. Intergovernmental International Organizations Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) a. b. A non-profit, voluntary citizens’ group Examples: Red Cross, World Wildlife Fund 5

1. UNITED NATIONS The United Nations (UN) is an international diplomatic organization. ◎ Nearly every country in the world is a member. ◎ Works to increase cooperation between nations on issues like: ◎ Human rights ◎ Peace and conflict resolution ◎ Sustainable economic development. Each nation has an ambassador who represents their interests at the UN. 6

1. UNITED NATIONS ◎ ◎ The UN Security Council is the most powerful part of the UN, made up of the most powerful countries in the world. ◎ Russia, USA, China, France, and the United Kingdom have permanent seats. The UN Security Council can veto any decision by the UN. 7

2. EUROPEAN UNION The European Union (EU) is the unified economic zone of European nations in Europe. They use the same currency, the Euro, and use the European Central Bank. They cooperate on economic issues for the good of all of Europe. 8

3. WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO) Goal: reduce obstacles to free trade and enforce international trade agreements. Nations can sue each other - People critique the WTO for serving the interest of corporations over the needs of workers, consumers, or the environment. 9

At the end of the day, each nation wants to protect their own interests. So how does the USA protect & promote their interests abroad?

GOALS OF AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY Often, our foreign policy boils down to promoting our economic and national security interests. Sometimes we promote those interests and disguise them as protecting human rights or promoting democracy. 11

What influences foreign policy? POLITICAL FACTORS: What kind of government do they have? Is it a democracy? Do they have a bad human rights record? Do they let us have military bases there? ECONOMIC FACTORS: What resources do they have? Do we want those resources? Oil? Is the nation industrialized or developing?

FOREIGN POLICY TOOLS 1. 1. Foreign Aid: providing money or supplies to other nations. Treaties: formal agreements between countries that create international laws and alliances. Trade: Cutting off a nation from trade can hurt their economy.

FOREIGN POLICY TOOLS: FOREIGN AID Foreign Aid: providing money, supplies, help, or assistance to other nations. GOAL: To create friendships and alliances. To help meet strategic national security goals

TYPES OF FOREIGN POLICY: FOREIGN AID EXAMPLES: Humanitarian Resources: Food aid, public health funding, providing money for medicine. Military Aid: Weapons to countries we want to strengthen Economic Development: Money for projects that will benefit American companies & trade

TYPES OF FOREIGN POLICY: TREATIES Treaties are formal agreements between countries to create international laws and alliances. In America, treaties are negotiated and signed by the president and ratified by the Senate.

Examples of Treaties • North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) • If one country is attacked, the others will defend it. • Created after World War II • 29 Member States in North America and Europe

North American Free Trade Agreement • NAFTA • Eliminated tariff barriers between U. S. , Canada and Mexico 18

Who Makes Foreign Policy? • People that work on foreign policy are called diplomats • The President meets with foreign leaders and foreign ministers • The State Department is the part of the government that deals with international policy. The leader of the state department is called the Secretary of State. • Ambassadors are picked by the president to represent American interests in other countries. They are the highest-ranking diplomats. 19

Social & Institutional Power 20

Note on Grades + Take-Home Test • You have a grade in Powerschool now for your Unit 2 Project Graphic Organizer. I’m handing those back so you can have them when we get back into the project later this week. If you don’t like your grade, you can complete the graphic organizer for more credit. • Take-Home Test: Question #7 21

TURN & TALK: With a partner, answer the following questions on your sheet: 1. What are the goals of American Foreign Policy? 2. How do we achieve those goals? 3. If you were Secretary of State, ? which would you prioritize: economics, national security, human rights, or climate change? Why?

Sometimes, our foreign policy works and everyday people’s lives get better. Other times, foreign policy does not work and affects people negatively in other countries & here in the United States.

Case Study: The Northern Triangle Follow along in your packet.

Case Study: Central American Migrant Crisis • As we watch the video, keep these questions in mind. We will discuss them after: • What factors motivated the US to intervene? • What consequences did those actions have on the countries? • What consequences does that have for the US?

Group Discussion: What factors motivated the US to intervene in the Northern Triangle? What consequences did those actions have on the countries in the Northern Triangle? What are the consequences for the United States of our diplomacy? How do you think we should move forward with our diplomacy in the Northern Triangle?

Case Studies: You are the Diplomat. You will work with your partner on your case study and decide what kind of foreign policy tool you would use to address the problem.