American Civics HOLT Chapter 16 Citizenship and the

American Civics HOLT Chapter 16 Citizenship and the Law Section 1: Crime in the United States Section 2: The Criminal Justice System Section 3: Juvenile Crime 1 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

American Civics HOLT Chapter 16 Section 1: Crime in the United States OBJECTIVES u What is the difference between a crime against a person and a crime against property? u What are some different types of crime? u What are some causes of crime, and how is crime fought? 2 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

American Civics HOLT Chapter 16 Section 1: Crime in the United States Crimes against persons: Violent crimes—homicide, hate crimes, aggravated assault, or forcible rape 3 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

American Civics HOLT Chapter 16 Section 1: Crime in the United States Crime against property: u The majority of crimes u Involves stealing or destroying property— petty larceny, grand larceny, vandalism, or arson u Robbery involves property and persons. 4 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

American Civics HOLT Chapter 16 Section 1: Crime in the United States Different types of crime: u Homicide, aggravated assault, forcible rape, larceny, u u 5 vandalism, arson, robbery Hate crimes—violent crimes committed because of prejudice Victimless—gambling and sale, possession, and use of illegal drugs White collar—committed by people in their work; stealing, embezzlement, and fraud Organized—a crime syndicate of career criminals; provides illegal goods and services; uses violence as a tool HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

American Civics HOLT Chapter 16 Section 1: Crime in the United States Causes of crime: u Poverty u Illegal drug use u Permissive society u Urbanization 6 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

American Civics HOLT Chapter 16 Section 1: Crime in the United States Fighting crime: u 1994—National crime bill includes tougher sentences and grants for police officers and new jails. u Crime prevention education is taught in some schools. 7 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

American Civics HOLT Chapter 16 Section 2: The Criminal Justice System OBJECTIVES u What are the duties of police officers, and how do people become police officers? u What happens to a suspect after he or she is arrested? u How are criminals punished? 8 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

American Civics HOLT Chapter 16 Section 2: The Criminal Justice System Police Officers u Protect life and property, prevent crime, and arrest violators u Protect individual rights, maintain peace, and control traffic u Act as peacemakers, advisers, protectors, and community members 9 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

American Civics HOLT Chapter 16 Section 2: The Criminal Justice System Police Officers (continued) u Education, background check, aptitude tests, physical and psychological exams are required. u Academies teach law, community relations, gathering evidence, arrest procedures, records keeping, first aid, weapon use, and other physical skills. 10 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

American Civics HOLT Chapter 16 Section 2: The Criminal Justice System After a suspect is arrested: u Suspect is entitled to due process before questioning. u Preliminary hearing—evidence evaluated and charges u u 11 dropped or trial is set; bail set Indictment—a formal charge is made Arraignment—suspect makes a plea before a judge Trial—defendant is presumed innocent; a judge presides and a jury deliberates the case presented by the prosecution and the defense Sentencing—judge decides the punishment; some states have mandatory sentences for certain crimes HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

American Civics HOLT Chapter 16 Section 2: The Criminal Justice System Punishing lawbreakers: u Fines u Imprisonment (People hold different views of its purpose: retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, or social protection. ) u Parole (Early release based on good behavior; overcrowding has forced paroles. ) u Capital punishment (Opponents believe it violates the Eighth Amendment; it remains controversial. ) 12 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

American Civics HOLT Chapter 16 Section 3: Juvenile Crime OBJECTIVES u What are some possible causes of juvenile crime? u How has the judicial system changed the way it handles juveniles? u What happens when juveniles are charged and found guilty of breaking the law? 13 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

American Civics HOLT Chapter 16 Section 3: Juvenile Crime Possible causes of juvenile crime: u Poor home conditions u Poor neighborhood conditions u Gang membership u Dropping out of school and unemployment u Alcohol and drugs u Peer pressure 14 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

American Civics HOLT Chapter 16 Section 3: Juvenile Crime The judicial system has changed the way it handles juveniles: u Prior to late 1800 s—Juveniles at least seven years old were tried in adult courts and sentenced to prison or death. u 1870 s—Reformers argued juveniles required special understanding. u Juvenile court system was set up to re-educate offenders. 15 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

American Civics HOLT Chapter 16 Section 3: Juvenile Crime The judicial system has changed the way it handles juveniles: (continued) u Hearings determine guilt or innocence of juvenile offenders. u 1967—Supreme Court granted juveniles the right of due process. u Juveniles do not have the right to a jury trial. 16 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

American Civics HOLT Chapter 16 Section 3: Juvenile Crime Juveniles charged and found guilty u may be placed in a foster home. u may be sent to a corrections facility like a training school. u may be given probation. u may be sent to a boot camp. Juveniles charged with felonies are often tried in adult courts and punished accordingly. 17 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON