Amendments 11 15 19 th Century Amendments Amendment

Amendments 11 -15 19 th Century Amendments

Amendment 11 b Lawsuits Against States • Federal courts cannot hear cases where a state is sued by a citizen from another state or a foreign country • Hear cases between states or states and the gov’t of foreign countries.

Amendment 12 b Electing the President and Vice President • Electors meet in their own states • vote for President and Vice President on separate ballots • results sent to the President of Senate, who opens and counts them in joint session • majority of the votes for President becomes President • majority of votes for V President becomes V. President

Amendment 12 b If no majority • President is chosen by House from top 3 – each state gets one vote – 2/3 rds of states must vote – winner must get a majority – if no one gets a majority by Jan. 20, the Vice President serves as President until a new President is chosen • Vice-President is chosen by Senate from top 2 – 2/3 rds must vote – must get a majority of the votes

Civil Rights/War Amendments Part of 19 th Century Amendments 13 -14 -15 Passed as result of Civil War 1865 -1868 -1870

Emancipation Proclamation b 1863 Lincoln passed to end slavery in the Confederacy b Did not affect slavery in other states b Amendment would end slavery in all states and territories.

Amendment 13 b Slavery Abolished • No slavery or involuntary servitude- except as punishment for a crime - shall exist in the United States or any place within its jurisdiction.

Amendment 14 – Section 1 b Civil Rights in the States • Any person born or naturalized in the US is a citizen of both the US and the state where they live. • Ensured that former slaves were full citizens • No state can pass laws to deprive citizens of rights guaranteed by the Constitution without due process of law – used to force school desegregation

Amendment 14 – Section 2 • Entire population of a state is counted for purposes of determining representation in the House of Representatives – made 3/5 ths rule obsolete • If a state denies an eligible citizen the right to vote, the state’s number of representatives will be reduced

Amendment 14 - Section 3 b aimed at former Confederate officials b No one who shall have engaged in insurrection against the U. S. can hold offices in either state of federal governments • exception - 2/3 rds of Congress can vote to override this rule

Amendment 14 - Section 4 b Federal debts • any debts the U. S. had during the Civil War would be paid by the government • Any debts of the former Confederate states would not be paid • Former slave owners would not be paid for losing their slaves b Congress has the power to enforce

Amendment 15 -1870 b The Right to Vote • No citizen can be denied the right to vote based on race, color or previous cond. of servitude - no literacy tests • Congress has the power to enforce – Voting Rights Act of 1965 - gave federal gov’t power to supervise state elections and end unfair practices