AMBA 5230 2009 Cohort Leadership Basics Definitions Leadership

AMBA 5230 2009 Cohort Leadership Basics

Definitions Leadership – the process of guiding and directing the behavior of people in the work environment Formal leadership – the officially sanctioned leadership based on the authority of a formal position Informal leadership – the unofficial leadership accorded to a person by other members of the organization Followership – the process of being guided and directed by a leader in the work environment

Definitions Continued �“The true measure of leadership is influence- nothing more, nothing less”, (John Maxwell, 2006, p. 2005). �“Leaders are individuals that, by their actions, facilitate the movement of a group of people toward a common or shared goal or objective”, (House & Podsakoff, 1994, p. 46)

Definitions Continued �“You MANAGE processes and capital resources through consistent controls, you LEAD people through continual change”, (Dr. Moore). �So, what exactly is LEADERSHIP?

Manager Vs Leader Management Reduces uncertainty Stabilizes organizations Leadership Creates uncertainty Creates change

Manager Vs Leader Cont. Management Characteristics Planning and budgeting Organizing and staffing Controlling and problem solving Leadership Characteristics Setting a direction for the organization Using communication to align people with that direction Motivating people to action through empowerment and basic need gratification

Basic Leadership Behavioral Continuum • Transactional Behavior – Behavior aimed at defining and organizing work relationships and roles – Many written or unwritten rules and regulations – Focus on getting work done

Basic Leadership Behavioral Continuum • Relational Behavior – behavior aimed at nurturing friendly, warm working relationships, trust, and respect – Fewer written or unwritten rules and regulations – Focus on employee concern and needs

Basic Leadership Behavioral Continuum Transactional Relational

Basic Leadership Styles �Laissez-Faire Style – the leader fails to accept the responsibilities of the position; creates chaos in the work environment Management/Leadership by path of least resistance

Basic Leadership Styles • Autocratic Style – the leader uses strong, directive, controlling actions to enforce the rules, regulations, activities, and relationships; followers have little discretionary influence • Military model • Blend of management and leadership

Basic Leadership Styles • Democratic Style – the leader takes collaborative, reciprocal, interactive actions with followers; followers have high degree of discretionary influence • Demands higher degree of leader interaction with follower than other basic styles

LMX Theory �Quality & Quantity of relationship �In-group & Out-group �Relationship to workplace deviance

Path-Goal Leadership Leader Characteristics (style, behavior, decisionmaking, individual traits) Follower Perceptions/ Paradigms (expectancy, effort, motivation)

Path-Goal Leadership Leader Characteristics (style, behavior, decisionmaking, individual traits) Follower Perceptions/ Paradigms (expectancy, effort, motivation) Follower Goals (satisfaction, commitment, highperformance, cohesion)

Path-Goal Leadership Leader Characteristics (style, behavior, decisionmaking, individual traits) Follower Characteristics (self-efficacy, needs, intelligence, conscientiousness, individual traits) Follower Perceptions/ Paradigms (expectancy, effort, motivation) Follower Goals (satisfaction, commitment, highperformance, cohesion)

Path-Goal Leadership Leader Characteristics (style, behavior, decisionmaking, individual traits) Follower Characteristics (self-efficacy, needs, intelligence, conscientiousness, individual traits) Follower Perceptions/ Paradigms (expectancy, effort, motivation) Workplace Context (authority structure, political environment, resources) Follower Goals (satisfaction, commitment, highperformance, cohesion)

Three Streams of Leadership Research �Trait �Behavior �Contingency �The need exists for a more complete, unifying model of leadership!

ABC Leadership Model �Affective Category (Trait Stream) Attitudes and feelings directed outward towards followers and directed inward towards leader (i. e. , trait theory) Affective domain of ABC model of attitudes Affective domain of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Learning

ABC Leadership Model �Behavioral (Behavior Stream) Actual behaviors exhibited in the leader, follower process Behavior domain of the ABC model of attitudes Psychomotor domain of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Learning

ABC Model of Leadership �Cognitive (Contingency Stream) Ability of a leader to understand the contextual cues around them Cognitive domain of the ABC model of attitudes Cognitive domain of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Learning

ABC Model of Leadership �Leadership may consist of…. . Attitudes (expression of internal states) ▪ Direct Experience ▪ Social-Learning processes (Bloom’s taxonomy) ▪ Affective ▪ Cognitive ▪ Psychomotor

Psychomot or (Bloom) Affective (Bloom) Affectiv e (ABC) Trait Behavior (Leadershi p) (Leadership ) Behavi or (ABC) Cognitive (Bloom) Contingen cy (Leadershi p) Cogniti ve (ABC)

Leadership Summary Definition �“Leadership is a process where the leader experiences continual change (i. e. learning) and continually elicits change (i. e. learning) in his or her followers” (Dr. Moore)