ALVEOLAR BONE IN HEALTH DEFINITION The alveolar process

ALVEOLAR BONE IN HEALTH

DEFINITION. . . The alveolar process is defined as the parts of the maxilla and the mandible that form and support the sockets of the teeth.

The alveolar bone consists of External plate made up of compact cortical bone and haversian canals Alveolar bone proper Cancellous bone

FIG illustrates a cross-section through the alveolar process (pars alveolaris) of the maxilla at the mid root level of the teeth. The walls of the sockets are lined by cortical bone (arrows), and the area between the sockets and between the compact jaw bone walls is occupied by cancellous bone. The cancellous bone occupies most of the interdental septa but only a relatively small portion of the buccal and palatal bone plates.

COMPOSITION OF ALVEOLAR BONE The inorganic component is composed of minerals such as calcium, phosphate along with hydroxyl, carbonate, citrate and trace amounts of other ions, such as sodium, magnesium and flourine. The minerals are in the form of hydroxyapetite crystals

The organic matrix consists of 90% of type I collagen, with small amounts of non-collagenous proteins such as osteocalcin, osteonectin, bone morphogenetic proteins, proteoglycans and glycoproteins

a. b. c. Cellular components Osteoblasts : they are cuboidal cells with well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, a large golgi apparatus and secretory vesicles. Osteoclasts : they are cells responsible for resorption of bone. Osteocytes: oteoblast celll that has ceased activity and has become embedded in the bone matrix

PERIOSTEUM & ENDOSTEUM All bone surfaces are covered by layers of differentiated osteogenic connective tissue. The tissue covering the outer surface of bone is termed periosteum. Tissue lining the internal bone cavities is called endosteum.

REMODELLING OF ALVEOLAR BONE In contrast to its apparent rigidity, alveolar bone is the least stable bone of the periodontal tissues, because its structure is in a constant state of flux. Remodelling of alveolar bone affects its height,

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