Alternatives to HFCs for refrigeration and air conditioning

Introduction 100’s of alternative refrigerants; necessary to establish a GWP criterion Average GWP ~3000

Suitability framework Can determine the suitability of each alternative… n f system and application

Applicability with GWP <200 Simplified overview AC (central) AC (integral) AC (large split) AC

Refrigerant-using sectors Current consumption can be almost entirely eliminated Requires development, new alternatives Needs

Barriers “Marketed mind-sets” vs. actual technical hurdles Better standards without refrigerant arbitrary limits to

Consequences What will (or won’t) linger? Further deviation from ‘one size fits all’ mind-set

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Alternatives to HFCs for refrigeration and air conditioning including in high ambient temperatures UNEP Workshop on hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) Management 11 th – 12 th July 2014 Dr Daniel Colbourne d. colbourne@re-phridge. co. uk

Introduction 100’s of alternative refrigerants; necessary to establish a GWP criterion Average GWP ~3000 ~70% of refrigerant consumption for service market Maximum average GWP < ~200 High future growth (A 5 Cs)

Suitability framework Can determine the suitability of each alternative… n f system and application characteristics Sometimes, just too costly, high risk, inefficient Time and development

Applicability with GWP <200 Simplified overview AC (central) AC (integral) AC (large split) AC (small split) Chillers Comm ref (central) Comm ref (plug-in) Comm ref (remote) Domestic ref Heat pump (only) Ind refrig Transport AC Transport ref e. g. , R 290, R 1270, R 600 a e. g. , R 1233 zd, R 444 A HC R 744 R 717 N Y Some Y Y Some N N Some Y Y Some N Some Y Some N N Y Y N N e. g. , R 1234 yf, R 445 A, LGA 8, ARM 42 a, ARM 30 a, LTR 6 a non-flam FC N Y Some Y Y Y some Y Y Some Y Y flam FC Some Y some Y Y Some Y some N Y Sectors without 100% potential

Refrigerant-using sectors Current consumption can be almost entirely eliminated Requires development, new alternatives Needs improved safety concepts Can tolerate GWP>200 if others are <<200 e. g. , DR 7, DR 4, L 40, L 20, LGA 29, LGA 40, etc

Barriers “Marketed mind-sets” vs. actual technical hurdles Better standards without refrigerant arbitrary limits to hinder application Alternatives that can match R 22 at high ambients Disparate national regulations and codes ? Business is to sell cold, not to faff-around with Cost difference for R 744 refrigerants supermarkets, plug-ins, HC splits

Consequences What will (or won’t) linger? Further deviation from ‘one size fits all’ mind-set More, thorough training for technicians, formalisation of service sectors Avoiding procrastination to minimise overall cost Selection, design and installation can be more complicated We won’t lose the sensation of cool!