Alsace and Lorraine chronology of jurisdiction Helen Stukenborg

Alsace and Lorraine chronology of jurisdiction Helen Stukenborg http: //progenealogists. com/germany/images/alsacelorraine. jpg

General Background Alsace-Lorraine is an area of land set on the borders of France and Germany, and due to its ideal location and history it has been sought after by both countries. The area is influenced by both Germany and France in its laws, languages, and customs. http: //www. cruisefrance. com/alsace /images/alsace_lorraine. jpg

Before 1648 Alsace is part of the Holy Roman Empire http: //beowulfs-tomb. com/frames/images/empire_map. jpg

Before 1648 At this time the Holy Roman Empire held wide control over, but more specifically in the area of Alsace-Lorraine there was a major German influence. Although Germany was not a united country at the time, the Germanic culture and language greatly influenced Alsace-Lorraine. It could be said that Alsace-Lorraine began as a German state.

Before 1648 The area of Alsace-Lorraine was at the center of Charlemagne’s French empire in the 9 th century and later became part of the Holy Roman Empire had control of Alsace and Lorraine, and was the dominating power at the time making up much of Europe.

1648 Alsace becomes part of France http: //www. bargetravelpoints. com/images/M aps/Alsace. Lorraine. jpg

1648 In gaining Alsace, France began to form the need to maintain their “natural borders”, which included the Pyrenees, the Alps, and the Rhine River. The area of Alsace and Lorraine bordered the Rhine River, and from this time on France saw the land as theirs to claim.

1648 Alsace was conquered by Louis XIV in the 17 th century during the 30 years war. The Peace of Westphalia concluding the 30 Years War ceded the land Alsace-Lorraine to France. This marked the decline of the Holy Roman Empire as seen by its loss of land, and the rise of France as seen by its gained land power

1766 Lorraine becomes part of France http: //www. bargetravelpoints. com/images/M aps/Alsace. Lorraine. jpg

1766 Lorraine became part of France under the rule of Louis XV. Again, The French idea of natural borders made it so they thought Lorraine was without a doubt French land. Although Lorraine became part of France it and Alsace were not combines as Alsace-Lorraine until later.

1648 and 1766 Although Alsace and Lorraine were a part of France they held many German ties, such as language and culture, seeing as they had been a part of the Holy Roman Empire, more specifically the Germanies, for so long.

1871 Alsace and Lorraine are annexed to Germany http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Alsace-lorraine. JPG/250 px-Alsace-lorraine. JPG

1871 The French occupation in Prussia, now Germany, and the Franco-Prussian war sparked the desire for nationalism within German, and with that they wanted to cede Alsace and Lorraine. Alsace and parts of Lorraine were mostly composed of German speakers, these regions were desired by the German Empire. The German Empire saw this area as a part of Germany, and felt it necessary that it be returned to its now unified roots.

1871 The area of Alsace-Lorraine was ceded to Germany from France after the Franco-Prussian war, under the Treaty of Frankfurt. This war marked the unification of Germany, and Germany quickly established itself as the main power in continental Europe. It was only from 1871 when the Treaty of Frankfurt was signed that stated Lorraine was separate, and that the expression Alsace-Lorraine was used.

During WWI 1914 -1918 Alsace and Lorraine are under control of Germany during WWI http: //library. umaine. edu/ww. IIposters/content/IMG 48851. JPG

During WWI 1914 -1918 Both sides utilized the area, but mostly Germany seeing as Alsace-Lorraine was under their control during the war. Due to the proximity of the front, German troops confiscated homes. France not trusting Germany and Germany not trusting France, both parties aimed their hatred at Alsace and Lorraine. For example, Alsatians living in France were arrested and

During WWI 1914 -1918 A lot of the separation and ceding of Alsace. Lorraine had to do with language, and so Germany banned the speaking of French in the area. The also did so to limit sympathy for the French. The Germans knew that Alsatians held ties with France, and to limit this they banned the French language, but also put most of their military men from Alsace and Lorraine on the Eastern Front.

1919 Alsace becomes part of France after World War I http: //expelledgermans. org/alsace_map. jpg

1919 The signing of the Treaty of Versailles after World War I restored Alsace and Lorraine to France. Also under Woodrow Wilsons’s 14 Points Alsace-Lorraine would be restored to France. Alsace-Lorraine was now called Alsace-Moselle. The French Government immediately started a Francization campaign that included the forced deportation of all Germans who had settled in the area after 1870. During the war Alsace and Lorraine was a key area, separating two prominent powers of Germany and France.

1919 Seeing as Germany was blamed for World War I, the other countries, Allie powers, saw it best that Germany’s power be limited and it be punished for its wrongdoing. Under the Treaty of Versailles Alsace. Moselle was given back to France, in an effort to limit German influence, and to please the French, who were on the Allies side.

1939 -1945 Alsace-Lorraine(Moselle) is part of Germany during World War II http: //www. emersonkent. com/images/europe_1936. jpg

1939 -1945 Again during the second World War Germany had control of Alsace-Moselle. The Third Reich did not officially take control of Alsace-Moselle until 1940. Hitler was able to officially cede Alsace. Lorraine due to a series of secret laws, after France was defeated in 1940.

1939 -1945 Starting from 1942, Alsatian and Mosellan men, especially young men, were enrolled by force into the German Nazi army Alsatians and Mosellans were enrolled especially to fight on the east front against Stalin's army. Those who fought were referred malgré nous, or “unwillings”, because they had grown close to the French and did not want to fight against their home country.

World War I/II When looking at the two World Wars a lot is similar in the way that Germany handled Alsace-Lorraine. Understanding that Alsace-Lorraine did have great loyalty to France the Germans sought to cut off French ties to inevitably cut of the loyalty. This lead to the isolation of the people, and the banning of French language and culture. Within the wars those from Alsace-Lorraine were further separated. They were sent to the East front of both wars to avoid France, usually forcibly. It became clear that although under German control, and with their German roots, the Alsace and Lorraine people truly respected and admired their French influence.

1946 -present Alsace is part of France http: //0. tqn. com/d/goeurope/1/0/3/0/2/alsace-france-map. png

Present Alsace and Lorraine (Alsace-Moselle) are currently part of France and the departments of Bas-Rhin, “Lower Rhine”. Although the people of Alsace and Lorraine are French they still have strong German roots and backgrounds. The towns with Bas-Rhin actually have German names, dating back to their Germanic roots.

Present Today, these territories enjoy laws that are significantly different from the rest of France, these specific provisions are known as the local law, which preserve a lot of German law with some French influence. The common laws were meant to be temporary, but set no time limit, and still remain today.

Overall Both Germany and France felt, and even still feel today, that Alsace-Lorraine naturally belong to them. Seeing as both sides share deep ties with Alsace-Lorraine it has identities with both cultures. Also considering its location, it can not help but be influenced by both Germany and France no matter which country it belongs to.

G er us m sia 18 an n 71 y Pr t I 19 Fra 36 n - p ce re se n ar I W ld or W W Fr W anc ar o- Fr I a 19 nce 19 or ld W ar Fr Lo anc rr e 17 aine 66 s an. War ce 16 -Als 48 ac e Fr Ye ar’ 30 Part of the Holy Roman Empire Before 1648 Timeline G er m 19 y an 39 For the more part France has had possession of Alsace-Lorraine, as compared to Germany, but taking into account the German influence of the Holy Roman Empire and the Germanic roots that took place, Alsace-Lorraine could be considered more German.

Works cited "Commentary on French Elan Meets German Machine Guns. " World War I and the Jazz Age. Woodbridge, CT: Primary Source Media, 1999. American Journey. Student Resources in Context. Web. 23 Mar. 2014. Finnigan, Col. Terrance J. "Military Intelligence at the Front, 1914 -1918. " Origins of Modern Intelligence, Surveillance, and Recconaisance. 51. 4 (2009): 1 -14. Print. Joffre, Marshal. The Annexation of Alsace and Lorraine and Its Recovery. Paris: 1918. Print. Schmitt, Bernadotte E. "Fourteen Points. " Dictionary of American History. Ed. Stanley I. Kutler. 3 rd ed. Vol. 3. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2003. 447. Student Resources in Context. Web. 23 Mar. 2014. "The War of the Nations: Portfolio of Rotogravure Etchings. " Newspaper: World War I Rotogavures. N. p. , n. d. Web. 23 Mar 2014. Webster's New Geographical Dictionary. Springfield, MA: Merriman CO. , 1977. Print. The, Editors. "Encyclopedia Britannica. " Alsace-Lorraine. 2014.

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