ALPHABET SOUP Successes and failures of Roosevelts New

ALPHABET SOUP Successes and failures of Roosevelt’s “New Deal” programs

NEW DEAL PROGRAMS FDIC FERA CWA CCC Emergency Banking Act/Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Federal Emergency Civil Works Relief Administration Civilian Conservation Corps Indian Reorganizatio n Act of 1934 NIRA PWA SEC National Industrial Recovery Act of June 1933 Public Works Association Federal Securities Act Securities and Exchange Commission HOLC AAA TVA WPA Home Owners Loan Corporation Agricultural Adjustment Administration Tennessee Valley Authority Works Progress Administration Fair Labor Social Security

FDIC/Emergency Banking Act Ü FDIC created by Glass-Steagall Act Emergency Banking Act gave the government the opportunity to inspect the health of all banks. Banks were shut down on March 6, 1933 by Roosevelt in order to force its passage Ü FDIC was formed by congress to insure deposits up to $5000 Ü

OUTCOME Ü Reestablished American faith in banks. Ü Government inspectors found that most banks were healthy, 2/3 were allowed to open soon after. Ü Deposits has exceeded withdrawals after reopening

Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) Ü Led by Harry Hopkins Ü Sent funds to depleting local relief agencies. Ü Mr. Hopkins believed that men should be put to work and not be given charity Ü Program funded public work programs

OUTCOME Ü Revitalized programs many deteriorating relief

Civil Works Administration (CWA) Ü Gave the unemployed jobs building or repairing roads, parks, airports, etc.

OUTCOME Ü Provided a psychological and physical boost to its 4 million workers

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Environmental program put 2. 5 million unmarried men to work Ü Restored forests, beaches, and parks Ü Workers earned $1 a day but received room and board Ü Program funded similar programs for 8, 500 women between 1934 to 1937 Ü

OUTCOME Ü Taught men and women of America how to live independently. Ü Helped increase self-esteem of millions of Americans

INDIAN REORGINAZATION ACT OF 1934 Ü Ended sale of tribal lands Ü Restored ownership of unallocated lands to Native American groups

NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL RECOVERY ACT (NIRA) Formed to boost declining prices, helping businesses and workers Ü Allowed trade associations in many industries to write codes regulating wages, working conditions, production, and prices. Ü Set a minimum wage Ü Created National Recovery Administration (NRA) Public Works Association (PWA) Ü

OUTCOME Ü Stopped tailspin of prices for a short time, but when higher wages went into effect prices rose too. Thus, consumers stopped buying Ü Cycle of overproduction and underconsumption put businesses back into a slump Ü NRA declared unconstitutional later on

PUBLIC WORKS ASSOCIATION (PWA) Ü Launched projects such as the Grand Coulee Dam on the Columbia River Ü Probably best part of the NIRA.

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (SEC) Ü Required full disclosure of information on stocks being sold Ü SEC regulated the stock market Ü Federal Reserve Board given power to regulate the purchase of stock on margin

HOME OWNERS LOAN CORPORATION (HOLC) Ü Refinanced mortgages of middle -class home owners Ü Allowed people to stay in their homes

AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ADMINISTRATION (AAA) Ü Tried to raise farm prices Ü Farmers paid not to raise certain crops and animals Ü Lower production would increase prices

OUTCOME Ü Farmers killed off certain animals and crops as they were told by the AAA Ü Many American angry about such actions since there were so many Americans starving Ü Declared unconstitutional later on

TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY (TVA) Ü Helped farmers and created jobs in one of America’s least modernized areas

OUTCOME Ü Reactivated a hydroelectric power plant provided cheap electric power, flood control, and recreational opportunities to the entire Tennessee River valley

WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION (WPA) Ü Agency provided work for 8 million Americans Ü Constructed or repaired schools, hospitals, airfields, etc. Ü Employed artists, writers and musicians

Art work from the WPA

FARM SECURITY ADMINISTRATION Ü Loaned more than $1 billion to farmers to set up camps for migrant workers

NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS ACT (Wagner Act) Ü Legalized practices such as closed shops in which only union members could work and collective bargain Ü Set up National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) to enforce provisions Ü NLRB forced businesses to

FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938 Ü Banned child labor and set a minimum wage Ü Long awaited triumph for the progressive-era social reformers

SOCIAL SECURITIES ACT (SSA) Ü Established a system that provided old-age pensions for workers, survivor benefits for victims of industrial accidents, unemployment insurance, and aid for dependant mothers and children, the blind and physically disabled

OUTCOME Ü The original SSA did not cover farm and domestic workers, it did help millions of Americans feel more secure

MORE PROGRAMS AND ACTS Ü Rural Electrification Administration (REA): loaned money to extend electricity to rural farmers Ü Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act: passed after Supreme Court ruled forced crop limitation illegal. Reduced production to “conserve soil. ”

FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT Ü Ü

HARRY HOPKINS Ü Administrator of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) and the WPA. Ü

MARY MCLEOD BETHUNE Worked for WPA Ü Held highest position of any black woman in the New Deal Ü She was one of America’s leading spokespersons for African American concerns Ü Director of the Division of Negro Affairs Ü

ELEANOR ROOSEVELT Supported the New Deal by traveling around the country and visiting programs Ü Had her own newspaper column “My Day” Ü Had news conferences, but only female reporters allowed to attend Ü Was strongly opposed to Jim Crow laws in the Ü

WORKS CITED Ü Sound bites found on: http: //frogstar. com Ü Pictures found on : http: //newdeal. feri. org Ü Information found on www. bergen. org/ASAT/Projects/depres sion/successes Ü Accessed on November 9, 2001