Alphabet Soup of Metal Classification Systems SAE Society

Alphabet Soup of Metal Classification Systems SAE – Society of Automotive Engineers AISI – American Iron and Steel Institute ASTM – American Society for Testing and Materials IADS – International Alloy Designation System UNS – Unified Numbering System This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License

Name one Organization (you can use an acronym) that classifies materials A. B. C. D. ANSI AISI SAE AAA This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License

Metals Ferrous Plain Carbon Low Carbon. 05 -. 3 High Carbon. 5 -1. 5% Medium Carbon. 3 -. 5% Non ferrous Alloy Steel Tool Steel Cast Iron Stainless Steel High Speed Steel Titanium Aluminum Magnesium Copper Superalloys This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License

What is the primary effect of adding carbon to steel? A. Soften Metal B. Increase Corrosion resistance C. Harden Metal D. Improve Machinability This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License

State of the art modern video on space age alloying Stainless This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License

Carbon and Alloy Steel AISI-SAE system 1018 The second two numbers indicate how many hundredths of a percent of carbon the steel has The first two numbers show what alloying elements the steel has. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License

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What do the first two numbers in an alloy metal indicate? A. B. C. D. Percent Carbon Elements Present Percent Molybdenum Percent Resin This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License

Tool Steel Designations This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License

The term machinability refers to the ease with which a metal can be machined to an acceptable surface finish. [1] Materials with good machinability require little power to cut, can be cut quickly, easily obtain a good finish, and do not wear the tooling much; such materials are said to be free machining. Machinability table Less than 100% = more difficult to machine Greater than 100% = easier to machine This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License

A material with a machinability rating of 150% easier to machine than a material with a rating of 50%? A. True B. False This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License

Hot Rolled Cold Rolled Hot rolling process This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License

Hot rolled steel (HRS) is formed while the material is red hot. The steel oxidizes right away. It generally has a rough scaly finish and wont necessarily be close to it’s nominal dimension. Cold Rolled Steel (CRS) generally has a smooth clean finish. It is stronger than hot rolled but harder to form. It is usually pretty close to the nominal This work is licensed under the Creative Commons dimension. Attribution 4. 0 International License

Which material is more likely to be shiny, cold rolled or hot rolled? A. Cold Rolled B. Hot rolled C. They should be the same This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License

Stainless Steel This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License

Three basic families of Stainless 304, 430 and 410 The most corrosion resistant. Contain Nickel and are nonmagnetic. Used in food and chemical This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License

Low carbon less corrosion resistance used for stuff like car exhaust. Is Magnetic Austenitic Ferritic This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License

High Carbon, can be heat treated, most are magnetic used on surgical equipment, knife blades etc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License

Name one Alloying element used in stainless steel. A. B. C. D. E. Nickel Austenitic Martensitic Anneal Temper This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License

Aluminum This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License

Aluminum comes in generally two categories Wrought (which is made like cold rolled steel ie. Hot material passed through rollers of gradually reduced size) and Cast. There are different number designations for each This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License

Cast aluminum uses a three plus designation system. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License

Aluminum is often followed by a letter and number combination that tells us about heat treatment or cold working the aluminum has undergone to change it’s properties This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License

The first number in a wrought aluminum designation indicates A. Carbon content B. MFG designation C. Primary Alloying Element D. Nickel E. All the above F. None of the above This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License

A material with a classification of 410 is probably a variety of: A. B. C. D. E. Aluminum Stainless Cold rolled Tool steel Bronze This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License

Heat Treatment This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License

Heat Treat A combination of heating and cooling operations applied to a metal or alloy in the solid state to obtain desired conditions or properties. Hardening Commonly performed on steel with more than. 3% carbon. Often requires Tempering after. Stock is often machined down close to nominal size then hardened and then finish ground or machined. Annealing A term denoting a treatment, consisting of heating to and holding at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling at a suitable rate, used primarily to soften, but also to simultaneously produce desired changes in other properties or in microstructure. Normalizing A Process in which an iron-base alloy is heated to a temperature above the transformation range and subsequently cooled in still air at room temperature. Sometimes done to forgings to reduce internal stress in the part. Tempering The object of tempering or drawing is to reduce the brittleness in hardened steel and to remove the internal strains caused by the sudden cooling in the quenching bath. The tempering process consists in heating the steel by various means to a certain temperature and then cooling , usually in air. Quenching Is the rapid cooling of a workpiece to obtain certain material properties. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License

Heat Treating: Cooling Procedures Cooling rates from high furnace temperature also an important part of the heat treating process. Leaving the heat treated part in the furnace to cool at a controlled rate is the slowest ordinary cooling rate. Fast cooling generally involves some type of liquid and is known as "quenching. " There are many different liquid types used in quenching, including: • Brine (ordinary salt in water) • Various oils • Liquid salts • Organic materials mixed with water Generally the faster you quench a metal the harder it is but the more brittle it is Brinell and Rockwell Hardness Conversion Chart | Rockwell, Rockwell Superficial, Brinell, Vickers, Shore Hardness This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Conversion Table | Engineers Edge Attribution 4. 0 International License

What is the slowest method of quenching? A. B. C. D. E. Oil Brine Furnace Air Alloy This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License

True or False Only ferrous metals are heat treated. A. True B. False This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License

Case Hardening Is the process of hardening the surface of a metal object while allowing the metal deeper underneath to remain soft, thus forming a thin layer of harder metal (called the "case") at the surface. quick and dirty case hardening This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License

A. B. C. D. Hardening doesn’t make the steel harder if it has less than ______ carbon. . 05%. 3% 3% This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License

Carburizing, Cyaniding and Nitriding are all methods to surface harden steel by adding carbon to the outer layer. Solution Heat treatment Performed on wrought aluminum alloy. Material is brought to about 900 degrees and then quenched. This makes aluminum softer and more uniform in structure. Precipitation Heat Treatment or Aging When aluminum ages it becomes tougher. Raising and holding the temperature of aluminum to about 300 degrees accelerates the aging process. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License

Heat Treating Furnaces This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License

True False Case Hardening requires placing the steel in a hardening compound. A. True B. False This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License

Sometimes, especially when air quenching metal it will oxidize or discolor during heat treat. Parts can be wrapped in stainless foil to reduce the discoloring. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License

What media would you use to quench a tool steel with a “O” classification? A. oil B. Air cool C. No heat treat required D. Carbon Pack This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License

How can you reduce oxidizing on heat treated metals? A. Wrap parts in stainless B. Quench in oil instead of air C. Quench in the furnace D. Immediately normalize This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. 0 International License