alo cse f buf Research in Knowledge Representation
alo @ cse f buf Research in Knowledge Representation, Reasoning, and Acting Stuart C. Shapiro Professor, CSE Director, Center for Cognitive Science Director, SNe. PS Research Group Faculty Member, Interdisciplinary MS in Computational Linguistics Fellow, AAAI Research Overview S. C. Shapiro
alo @ cse f buf Long-Term Goal • Theory and Implementation of Natural-Language-Competent Computerized Cognitive Agent/Robot • and Supporting Research in Artificial Intelligence Cognitive Science Computational Linguistics. 2 Research Overview S. C. Shapiro
alo @ cse f buf Cassie • A computational cognitive agent – Embodied in hardware – or Software-Simulated – Based on SNe. PS and GLAIR. 3 Research Overview S. C. Shapiro
alo @ cse f buf Cassie as a Wumpus World Agent From: Stuart C. Shapiro and Michael Kandefer, A SNe. PS Approach to The Wumpus World Agent or Cassie Meets the Wumpus. In Leora Morgenstern and Maurice Pagnucco, Eds. , IJCAI-05 Workshop on Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Action, and Change (NRAC'05): Working Notes, IJCAII, Edinburgh, 2005, 96 -103. 4 Research Overview S. C. Shapiro
alo @ cse f buf : perform get(gold) No breeze here. No stench here. Exploring the cave. . . Found a safe room. . . 5 Research Overview S. C. Shapiro
alo @ cse f buf I am in room (1, 0), facing east No breeze here. No stench here. Exploring the cave. . . Found a safe room. . . 6 Research Overview S. C. Shapiro
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alo @ cse f buf I am in room (1, 1), facing south I feel a breeze. No stench here. Exploring the cave. . . Found a safe room. . . 8 Research Overview S. C. Shapiro
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alo @ cse f buf I am in room (0, 1), facing west No breeze here. No stench here. Exploring the cave. . . Found a safe room. . . 10 Research Overview S. C. Shapiro
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alo @ cse f buf I am in room (0, 2), facing south I feel a breeze. No stench here. Exploring the cave. . . Visiting an old room. . . This is boring. 12 Research Overview S. C. Shapiro
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alo @ cse f buf Exploring the cave. . . Visiting an old room. . . This is boring. 14 Research Overview S. C. Shapiro
alo @ cse f buf Exploring the cave. . . Visiting an old room. . . This is boring. 15 Research Overview S. C. Shapiro
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alo @ cse f buf Exploring the cave. . . Found a safe room. . . 17 Research Overview S. C. Shapiro
alo @ cse f buf I am in room (2, 0), facing east I feel a breeze. No stench here. Exploring the cave. . . Visiting an old room. . . This is boring. 18 Research Overview S. C. Shapiro
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alo @ cse f buf Exploring the cave. . . Visiting an old room. . . This is boring. 20 Research Overview S. C. Shapiro
alo @ cse f buf Exploring the cave. . . Visiting an old room. . . This is boring. 21 Research Overview S. C. Shapiro
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alo @ cse f buf Exploring the cave. . . Visiting an old room. . . This is boring. 23 Research Overview S. C. Shapiro
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alo @ cse f buf Exploring the cave. . . I'll chance a move. . . 25 Research Overview S. C. Shapiro
alo @ cse f buf I am in room (1, 2), facing south No breeze here. I'm grabbing for the gold. No stench here. I'm going home! 26 Research Overview S. C. Shapiro
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alo @ cse f buf Score = 966. 31 Research Overview S. C. Shapiro
alo @ cse f buf Important SNe. PS Features 1 • First-person beliefs – Not third-person “truth” about agent or world • Beliefs are current beliefs – Even if about the past • On-line acting • Reified propositions as well as acts & … • Neither states nor times are privileged 32 Research Overview S. C. Shapiro
alo @ cse f buf Important SNe. PS Features 2 • SNe. RE acts with operational semantics – External acts: • go(right) • do(grab) • sense. For(breeze) – Control acts: • snsequence(go(right), go(right)) – Mental acts: • believe(p) • disbelieve(p) 33 Research Overview S. C. Shapiro
alo @ cse f buf Important SNe. PS Features 3 • SNe. RE policies integrate reasoning & acting – whendo(See(glitter), do(grab)) – Act. Plan(find(home), snif({if(In(cell(0, 0)), do(stop)), else(…)})) 34 Research Overview S. C. Shapiro
alo f buf @ cse Important SNe. PS Features 4 Use of SNe. PS andor connective and belief revision for state constraints: andor(1, 1){Facing(north), Facing(south), Facing(east), Facing(west)} Facing(east) => ~Facing(north), ~Facing(south), ~Facing(west) believe(Facing(south)) Facing(south), ~Facing(north), ~Facing(east), ~Facing(west) 35 Research Overview S. C. Shapiro
alo @ cse f buf Important SNe. PS Features 5 Nondeterministic Choice ~Have(gold) =>(all(r 1)(In(r 1) => Act. Plan(explore(cave), withsome({? r 2, ? d 1}, Safe. New. Room(r 1, ? r 2, ? d 1), snsequence 3(turn(? d 1), move(forward), believe(Bored(0))), <else clause>)))) 36 Research Overview S. C. Shapiro
alo f buf @ cse Important SNe. PS Features 6 Numerical Quantifier wheneverdo(Feel(breeze), withsome/3(? r, In(? r), believe(nexists(1, 4, 4)(c)({Adjacent(? r, c)}: {Contains(c, pit)})))) 37 Research Overview S. C. Shapiro
alo @ cse f buf Agents in a Virtual Reality Drama Stuart C. Shapiro, Josephine Anstey, David E. Pape, Trupti Devdas Nayak, Michael Kandefer, & Orkan Telhan, The Trial The Trail, Act 3: A Virtual Reality Drama Using Intelligent Agents. In R. Michael Young & John Laird, Eds. , Proceedings of the First Annual Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment Conference (AIIDE-05), AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA, 2005, 157 -158. Stuart C. Shapiro, Josephine Anstey, David E. Pape, Trupti Devdas Nayak, Michael Kandefer, & Orkan Telhan, MGLAIR Agents in Virtual and other Graphical Environments, Proceedings of the Twentieth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-05), AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA, 2005, 1704 -1705. 38 Research Overview S. C. Shapiro
alo @ cse f buf SNe. PS Multi-Agents Bad guy agents hassling a human participant 39 Research Overview S. C. Shapiro
alo f buf @ cse Reconsideration Frances L Johnson and Stuart C. Shapiro, Dependency-Directed Reconsideration: Belief Base Optimization for Truth Maintenance Systems, Proceedings of the Twentieth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-05), AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA, 2005, 313 -320. 40 Research Overview S. C. Shapiro
alo @ cse f buf Reconsideration Example Credibility order: s d > (s d) > s > d KB 1 s, d Add and make consistent KB 2 (s d) s d (s d) s, d, s d Add and make consistent KB 3 s d (s d) s d s, d, s d 41 Research Overview S. C. Shapiro
alo f buf @ cse s DDR Graph s t ~t {s, s t, ~t} p q ~q {p, p q, ~q} ~p {~p, p} p p r ~r {p, p r, ~r} {p, p v, ~v} ~v {m r, ~r, m} m r m {w v, w, ~v} p v w w v n 42 Research Overview S. C. Shapiro
alo f buf @ cse For More Information • Shapiro: http: //www. cse. buffalo. edu/~shapiro/ • SNe. PS Research Group: http: //www. cse. buffalo. edu/sneps/ – Meets Tuesdays 9 -11, 45 Baldy Hall – Join us! 43 Research Overview S. C. Shapiro
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