Allusions and Analogies DEFINITION EXPLANATION AND EXAMPLES Allusions

Allusions and Analogies DEFINITION, EXPLANATION, AND EXAMPLES

Allusions Is a reference within a work to something famous outside it, such as: a well-known person, place, event, story, or work of art, literature, music, pop culture.

Why? It lets the reader/viewer understand new information, characters, plot, setting, etc. by connecting it to something already known.

Allusion “Problems” Not to be confused with “ILLUSIONS” In order to understand allusions, one must have a good grasp on “well-known” works of literature, art, music, pop culture, etc. So, if one is not well-read, it will be difficult to fully grasp why an author/writer/director uses an allusion. This sometimes makes them difficult for high school students to grasp.

Allusion “Problems” = Allusions are only a small group of people k. NOT references to someone/somethingnow. So, you wouldn’t say, “Sally’s smile looked like my mom’s smile. ” While this is a method of comparison, it is not to something well-known (outside of your community).

Purpose of Allusions Whenever you come across an allusion, stop and ask yourself: What does the writer want me to understand about this character, setting, plot, etc. by connecting it to something with which I am already familiar? What is the author’s purpose in using this allusion? To create the same feeling/mood as the original work? For comedic effect? To show character’s motives or traits?

Allusion Examples Sally had a smile resembled only by that of the Mona Lisa. Since everyone is familiar with the painting, they can imagine Sally’s almost expressionless smile. What does this show about Sally?

Allusion Example (Art to Film) The makers of the Scream movie ALLUDED TO Munch’s work of art “The Scream” in order to instill fear.

Allusions Example (Film to Film) KARATE KID DISNEY’S HERCULES Hercules ALLUDES TO Karate Kid when Hercules is training. Disney uses this allusion so the viewer thinks of Karate Kid and how, after training in the sunlight, Daniel wins the big match. The allusion is used to FORESHADOW that Hercules will also be successful in his big fight.

Mythology Allusions Achilles’ Heel Original Tale-When Achilles was a baby, it was foretold that he would die in battle from an arrow. Naturally, his mother Thetis did not want her son to die. So she took Achilles to a magical river which was supposed to offer powers of invincibility and dipped his body into the water. But as Thetis had held Achilles by the heel, his heel was not washed over by the water of the magical river. Achilles grew up to be a man of war who survived many great battles. But one day, an arrow shot at him was lodged in his heel, killing him instantly. Yet Achilles is remembered as one of the greatest fighters who ever lived. When someone wants to discuss one’s weak point, s/he will refer to it as his/her “Achilles’ Heel, ” meaning that they are strong in all areas except for that one tiny spot.

Mythology Allusions Advertising uses allusions, too! Venus alludes to the mythological Roman goddess principally associated with love, beauty, and fertility.

Analogies test your ability to: • Recognize the relationship between the words in a word pair • Recognize when two word pairs display equal relationships

To complete an analogy you must be able to: • Select the answer containing words related to one another in most nearly the same way

Analogy types: 1. Synonyms/antonyms 2. Part to Whole or Whole to Part 3. Function/Use, Worker/Tool, Doer/Action 4. Category/Type 5. Degree (size or intensity) 6. Grammatical Relationship or Spelling 7. Cause to effect (or effect to cause) 8. Object to function

Analogies look like this: Up: Down : : Over: Under Analogies sound like this: Up is to Down as Over is to Under

Synonyms: Infant: Baby: : Grown-Up: ______? Infant: Baby: : Grown-Up: Adult

Antonyms: Big: Small: : Full: _______? Big: Small: : Full: Empty

Part to Whole: Wheel: Car: : Branch: _______? Wheel: Car: : Branch: Tree

Function/Use (Object/ Function): Truck: Transport: : Oven: ______? Truck: Transport: : Oven: bake

Category/Type: Apple: Fruit: : Carrot: _______? Apple: Fruit: : Carrot: Vegetable

Degree (size/intensity): Warm: Hot: : Cool: ______? Warm: Hot: : Cool: Frigid

Cause-Effect: Sliver: Pain: : Heat: _____ Sliver: Pain: : Heat: Boil

Sequence: Early: late : : dawn : _____ Early : late : : dawn : twilight

Can you identify the relationship? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. a) b) c) d) Synonyms or antonyms PLATOON: SOLDIER Part to whole HOT: SCALDING Category/Type Cause-effect (or effect to STARVATION: BINGING cause) GILLS: BREATHING e) Degree (size or intensity) PERSUASIVE: CONVINCIN f) Function/Use G (Object/function) SOCCER: SPORT

Can you identify the relationship? 1. b PLATOON: SOLDIER e HOT: SCALDING 2. a) b) c) d) Synonyms or antonyms Part to whole Category/Type a STARVATION: BINGING 3. Cause-effect (or effect to f GILLS: BREATHING 4. cause) a PERSUASIVE: CONVINCIN e) Degree (size or intensity) 5. f) Function/Use c G (Object/function) 6. SOCCER: SPORT

Helpful Hints: 1. Determine relationship between the words in the given pair antonyms? synonyms? sequence? degree? cause-effect? function? category?

Helpful Hints: 2. Choose the answer that has a similar relationship and can be expressed in a similar manner

Example APPLE : FRUIT : : A. Salad : Mix B. Orange: Banana C. Juice : Can D. Slice : Core E. Butterfly: Insect

Example APPLE : FRUIT : : A. Salad : Mix B. Orange: Banana C. Juice : Can D. Slice : Core E. Butterfly: Insect

Example PEN : WRITE : : A. Pencil : Sharpen B. Ink : Blue C. Letter : Compose D. Knife : Cut E. Mistake : Erase

Example PEN : WRITE : : A. Pencil : Sharpen B. Ink : Blue C. Letter : Compose D. Knife : Cut E. Mistake : Erase

Helpful Hints Part II: • Pay attention to • the order of the words in the pair • the parts of speech • Remember – • single word can have different meanings • read all possible answers before deciding on the best answer

Practice Large : Big: : A. Remember : Forget B. Triumph: Success C. Nostril : Smell D. Audio : Hear E. Glasses : See

Practice Large : Big: : A. Remember : Forget B. Triumph: Success C. Nostril : Smell D. Audio : Hear E. Glasses : See

Practice Bat : Hitter A. Score: Win B. Walk : Run C. Mars : Venus D. Stick : Hockey Player E. Basketball: Hoop

Practice Bat : Hitter A. Score: Win B. Walk : Run C. Mars : Venus D. Stick : Hockey Player E. Basketball: Hoop

Practice Come : Came: : A. Walk : Walking B. Ride : Rode C. Left : Arrived D. Did : Had Done E. See : Seen

Practice Come : Came: : A. Walk : Walking B. Ride : Rode C. Left : Arrived D. Did : Had Done E. See : Seen