Alliteration Figurative Language The repetition of consonant sounds

Alliteration* Figurative Language The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words. Example: The wonderful walrus, Wally, waded in the water. NEED TO KNOW FOR FINAL

Allusion Figurative Language A reference to a well-known person, place, event, artwork, literary work, or musical piece Example: He’s was the Michael Jordan of the Puma Basketball Team. Math class was his Achilles’ heel.

Apostrophe* Literary Element The rhetorical addressing of an absent person as if present (or of an abstract idea or object) Example: “O grave, where is thy victory? ”

Assonance* Figurative Language The repetition of vowel sounds without repetition of consonants Example: The story was boring. (the long o sound) NEED TO KNOW FOR FINAL

Aside Dramatic Element A brief remark made by a character on stage to the audience, uttered while other characters are nearby but unable to hear. From Shakespeare’s Romeo & Juliet, Juliet asks the nurse to find out Romeo’s name: Go ask his name [If he be married My grave is like to be my wedding bed. ] I, v, 135 -138

Free or Blank Verse* Poetic Device Poetry (verse) without rhyme or rhythm Example: Dogs are cute I like cats too Fish are fun and so are friends

Imagery Figurative Language Descriptive words or phrases that recreate a visual explanation or sensory images for the reader Example: The cries seemed to come from the watery grave.

Irony Literary Element A contrast what is stated and what is expected Example: Alanis Morrisette’s song, “Isn’t It Ironic” it’s like rain on your wedding day

Metaphor Figurative Language A direct comparison between two objects, ideas, or “things” Example: The girl was a breath of fresh air.

Meter* Poetic Device A pattern of stresses, or beats, in a line. Example: I wandered lonely as a cloud

Monologue* Dramatic Element A long, uninterrupted speech that a character speaks in front of other characters. From Romeo & Juliet, Mercutio’s “Queen Mab” speech in Act I, sc. iv is an example. It’s intended for other characters-not the audience.

Onomatopoeia* Figurative Language The formation of words in imitation of natural sounds. Example: The bees buzz in the room. NEED TO KNOW FOR FINAL

Personification Figurative Language Giving nonhuman objects human-like qualities Example (The Giving Tree) “The tree loved the boy. ” The cat laughed at the silly dog.

Repetition Figurative Language A reoccurring phrase or verse especially at the end of each stanza of a poem or song. Example: Oh, the wheels on the bus Go round and round Round and round NEED TO KNOW FOR FINAL

Reversed Word / Sentence Construction* Figurative Language A compound word or phrasing in reversed order. Example upfill “and from her womb children of divers kind / we sucking on her natural bosom find. ”

Forced Rhyme Poetic Device An rhyme that is “close, ” but not truly rhyming. Shakespeare is famous for this. Example: Now Romeo is beloved and loves again But to his foe supposed he must complain

Internal Rhyme Poetic Device Rhyme that occurs within a line of verse Example: “the grains beyond age, the dark veins of her mother”

Rhyme Poetic Device Similar or identical end sounds of two or more words Example: June and Moon Time, climb Read, speed

Rhyme Scheme Poetic Device The arrangement of rhymes at the end of each line- in a stanza or a poem Example: Roses are red A Violets are blue B Sugar is Sweet C So are you B

Simile Figurative Language A direct comparison between two things using “like” or “as” Example: The girl was like a breath of fresh air.

Stanza* Poetic Device A division of a poem consisting of a series of lines arranged together in a usually recurring pattern of meter and rhyme. Example – Oh, the wheels on the bus Go round and round Round and round Oh, the wheels on the bus Go round and round All through the town! Stanza 1 Stanza 2

Soliloquy Dramatic Element a speech given by a character when he is alone. Like an aside, this is intended only for the audience to hear. Unlike the aside, when a soliloquy is spoken, there are no other characters on stage. In Romeo & Juliet, Act II, iii, Friar Laurence is alone and speaks his thoughts so the audience can hear them.

Sonnet* Poetic Device A type of poem popular in Shakespeare’s time, it consists of 14 lines and maintains an abab, cdcd, efef, gg rhyme scheme.

Symbol* Figurative Language One thing that represents something else. Example: Sunset…. representing old age My grandmother is in the sunset of her life. Colors – Flags-

Theme* Literary Element The central idea in a poem Example: In Edgar Allen Poe’s “The Raven”…. Theme: His lost love will be around, “nevermore. ”

Tone* Literary Element A feeling the author or speaker is trying to convey to the reader. Example: Angry, happy, depressed, comedic

Hyperbole Figurative Language An extravagant exaggeration Example: We’ve told you a million times to come to class on time!

Oxymoron A figure of speech that combines two usually contradictory terms in a compressed paradox.

Foreshadowing Technique of arranging events and information in a narrative in such a way that later events are prepared for or shadowed forth beforehand. This gives structural and thematic unity.

Pun An expression that achieves emphasis or humor by contriving an ambiguity, two distinct meanings being suggested either by the same word or by two similar sounding words

Dramatic Irony in which the audience knows more about a character's situation than the character does, foreseeing an outcome contrary to the character's expectations, and thus ascribing a sharply different sense to some of the character's own statements

Foil A character whose qualities or actions serve to emphasize those of the protagonist (or of some other character) by providing a strong contrast with them

Paradox A statement or expression so surprisingly self-contradictory as to provoke us into seeking another sense or context in which it would be true