Allergies Anaphylaxis What is an Allergy Allergies occur
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Allergies & Anaphylaxis
What is an Allergy? Allergies occur when the immune system becomes unusually sensitive and overreacts to common substances that are normally harmless. Examples are: • Foods – eggs, milk, peanuts/nuts, shellfish and some food additives • Stings from bees, wasps, hornets and some ants • Medications – penicillin, sulfa drugs • Exercise • Latex (gloves/medical devices) 2
What is Anaphylaxis? • Occurs when a person is exposed to an allergen causing a severe, lifethreatening allergic response • Reactions can occur within minutes of exposure to an allergen, but can be delayed for 2 -3 hours • Affects various organ systems including the skin, respiratory, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal 3
Why is this lifethreatening? • Causes airway obstruction/lack of oxygen to the brain • Increases risk of SHOCK, which leads to widespread tissue damage, organ failure and eventually death 4
Prevention = Having a Plan • Check the School Medical Alert List to familiarize yourself with students in your school/class who have medical conditions and allergies • Note all students who require single dose, single-use auto-injectors (Epi. Pens) and where these are stored for each student • Review emergency care plans for individual students • Recognize allergy sources and triggers • Know how and when to administer medication 5
Common Symptoms • Skin – hives , swelling, itching, warmth, redness, rash • Respiratory (breathing) – wheezing, shortness of breath, throat tightness, cough, hoarse voice, chest pain/tightness, nasal congestion or hay fever-like symptoms (runny itchy nose and watery eyes, sneezing), trouble swallowing Revised July 2009 6
Anaphylactic Reaction Normal appearance Hives and Swelling of face Important: Not all reactions have hives Revised July 2011 www. natureshomoeo. com. au/image/student. JPG 7
Common Symptoms • Gastrointestinal (stomach): nausea, pain/cramps, vomiting, diarrhea • Cardiovascular (heart): pale/blue colour, weak pulse, passing out, dizzy/lightheaded, shock • Other: anxiety, feeling of “impending doom”, headache, uterine cramps in females Revised July 2009 8
Swollen lips/face and hives present www. sovereign-publications. com/. . . /ANAPHYL. jpg Revised July 2009 9
Revised July 2011 health. yahoo. com/media/healthwise/h 9991075. jpg 10
Anaphylaxis: What should I do? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Administer single dose, single-use auto-injector (Epi. Pen ®) Call 911 Notify Parent/Guardian Administer second auto-injector in 5 to 15 minutes IF symptoms do not improve or if symptoms recur Have ambulance transport student to hospital *Epinephrine is the only way to reverse the effects of anaphylaxis & therefore needs to be given ASAP **Remember, the Epinephrine may only last for 15 minutes, calling 911 is very important Revised June 2010 11
Anaphylaxis: What should I do? • Symptoms of anaphylaxis can be as simple as tingling of the lips or as severe as cardiac arrest. When in doubt, administer epinephrine • If a person says they are having a reaction it is important to believe them, and immediately administer epinephrine regardless of the symptoms present. Slide 11 A
What is a Single Dose, Single. Use Epinephrine Auto-injector? • A single dose, single-use auto-injector is an easy way to give epinephrine/adrenaline to someone having an allergic reaction • Epi. Pen® Regular Epi. Pen® Junior Slide 12 Revised July 2011
What is in an Epi. Pen®? Easy-to-read instructions Easy-grip body Built-in needle protection Labeled orange needle cover contrasts with blue safety release for easy orientation* Single dose of epinephrine Slide 13 Source: www. epipen. ca Revised July 2011
Using the Epi. Pen® Auto-Injector 1. 2. 3. Remove autoinjector from carrier tube. Hold firmly with orange tip pointing downward. Remove blue safety release. Slide 14 Source: www. epipen. ca Revised July 2011
Using the Epi. Pen® Auto-Injector 4. 5. Swing and push orange tip firmly into mid-outer thigh until you hear a “click”. Hold on thigh for several seconds. Slide 15 Source: www. epipen. ca Revised July 2011
Using the Epi. Pen® Auto-Injector 6. When the Epi. Pen ® auto-injector is removed, the orange needle cover automatically extends to cover the injection needle. Slide 15 a Source: www. epipen. ca Revised July 2011
What to do after giving a single dose, single-use auto-injector? • Have student lie still on his or her back with feet higher than the head • Loosen tight clothing and cover student with blanket • If there is vomiting, turn student on side to prevent choking • Don’t give anything to drink • Send auto-injector with student to hospital Slide 16
Conclusion: Follow the three A’s • Awareness – Know the triggers – Know the emergency plan and how to administer medication • Avoidance – Avoid contact with allergens, make classrooms safe • Action – Give single dose, single-use auto-injector and call 911. – Don’t delay! Slide 17
Resources • For more information contact your Public Health Nurse • www. aaia. ca (Allergy/Asthma Information Assoc. ) • www. foodallergycanada. ca (Food Allergy Canada) • www. epipen. ca (Epi. Pen®) • www. medicalert. ca • www. healthlinkbc. ca Slide 18
References • AAIA Anaphylaxis Reference Kit (2014) by the Allergy and Asthma Information Association, Health Canada • Anaphylaxis in Schools & Other Settings Second Edition (2014) by the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Slide 19
Any Questions? Slide 20
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