All living organisms 4 Must obtain and use

All living organisms…… 4. Must obtain and use energy -need energy to do everything grow, develop, reproduce…. . even sleep. So that’s why babies sleep so much…!!!

Energy Flow Energy…can be changed from one form to another but it cannot be created nor destroyed…

BIG Ideas in Biology 6. Organisms obtain and use energy to carry out their life processes

Energy Flow -troph=To Nourish Continuous Flow Autotroph Sun Heterotroph

=To Nourish (Food) • Heterotrophs: -organisms that get energy by consuming and digesting food into useable molecules.

Who is heterotrophic? -some bacteria -some protist -all fungi -all animals

Heterotrophs must display a metabolism. Metabolism = the rate of two chemical reactions required to breakdown food and use the food for energy and to make new materials. High vs. Low

Catabolism + Anabolism = Metabolism To put together to make new materials To breakdown/digest food

Cellular respiration – Animals & Plants sugar + O 2 ATP energy + CO 2 + H 2 O + Heat Sugar Break Down Storage form of energy used by a cell to do “work” Glycolysis-metabolic process that “breaks down” carbohydrates & sugars creating ATP (energy)

Cell

How photosynthesis and cell respiration work together:

How photosynthesis and cell respiration work together: Cell Respiration sugar + oxygen ATP energy + carbon dioxide + water + heat Photosynthesis Sun + carbon dioxide + water sugar + oxygen + water

Where does cellular respiration take place? In the MITOCHONDRIA of each and every cell in a living organism: Protist, Fungi, Plant and Animals

Mitochondria: 1. cell’s powerhouse/body-builder 2. place where the cell converts food into energy 3. found in ALL eukaryotic cells (plant & animal)

4. site of cellular respiration sugar + O 2 ATP energy + CO 2 + H 2 O + Heat Storage form of energy used by a cell to do “work” -12 to 1000 mitochondria per cell -plant cells have less than animal cells Why? -less active -require less energy Which cells in our body would have the most mitochondria? -muscle cells ~ very active

Mitochondria are made up of 2 membranes: -outer membrane -inner membranes = cristae

Cristae increase the surface area so more energy can be produced without taking up too much room Analogy: versus

Breathing/Respiration = O 2 in, CO 2 out

Where does the oxygen go once we inhale and feel up our lungs? › Oxygen gets absorbed into our blood and the blood then takes the oxygen to each and EVERY CELL of our body Where does the carbon dioxide come from that we exhale? › carbon dioxide is produced when sugar and oxygen is broken down into ATP energy, carbon dioxide and water

Cell Respiration Sugar “E” = the ATP being cashed in for cellular energy.

Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Respiration So far – Aerobic = oxygen No oxygen is present? !? Anaerobic Yeast Demo › Fermentation

• Autotrophs: -organisms which make their own food through the process of photosynthesis Sun + CO 2 + H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 -convert light energy to chemical energy (sugar)

Who is Autotrophic? -some bacteria -some protists -all plants

Where does the sugars we eat for quick energy come from? ? ? Plants through the process of……… Photosynthesis takes place where in a plant cell? -in the chloroplast

Chloroplast -Found only in plant-like cells -site of photosynthesis Sun + CO 2 + H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 (sugar)

-Trap energy of the sun & convert it into sugars which can be: 1. stored by the plant 2. broken down in the mitochondria into ATP energy Plant store sugar in their fruits, stems, and roots.

Thylakoids: plate-like structures which collect the sun’s energy Grana or Granum: Stacks of thylakoids 10 to 100/chloroplast Stroma: Liquid part of the chloroplast Lumen: Inside thylakoids ~ contains chlorophyll

ROY G BIV Absorbs: -all spectrums of light but green is reflected

The BIG Picture

Bioenergetics - ATP Cells need energy to…? Grow Develop Reproduce Obtain More Energy Use That Energy Respond to Their Environments › In other words, cells need energy to carry out millions of chemical reactions › Cells need energy for EVERYTHING

Trans. FORMATION of ENERGY Among the most important processes carried out at the cellular level is the transformation of energy -How energy changes from one form to another

Work Energy to Heat Energy

PSN, CR and Food Chains

PSN, CR and Food Chains

PSN, CR and Food Chains CR CR CR PS N CR