All Have Cell Membrane DNA Cytoplasm Ribosomes Kingdom

• All Have: • Cell Membrane • DNA • Cytoplasm • Ribosomes

• Kingdom Archae (Archaea) • Kingdom Eubacteria (Monera)

Halophiles = VERY salty conditions, like the Great Salt Lake. Thermophiles = Very hot environments, like the hot springs in Yellowstone, Wyoming… …and Fly Geyser, Nevada.

Binary fission creates clones so how do bacteria achieve genetic variation? Genetics can be altered through… • Transformation: DNA absorbed from the external environment • Transduction: viruses carry DNA from one host bacterium to its next host • Conjugation: Transfer of genetic info directly between 2 bacteria cells via the plasmid, thru pili.

• Food production- Yogurt, buttermilk, sour cream • Streptococcus sanfranciscus • Lactobacillus acidophilus • • Biofuels, medicine, water purification,

• “Flora”: Among others, E. coli- lives in human intestinal tract and… • Aids in break down of food, formation of vitamin B & K. • Up to 1000 different types of bacteria can live in your intestinal tract • Hundreds of other species live in and on you… • Their numbers exceed the billions.

Strep throat Necrotizing fasciitis Staphylococcus infection

Cyanobacteria Nitrifying bacteria, like those that create ammonia in the nitrogen cycle

V PEPTIDOGLYCAN • Peptidoglycan is an additional layer (made of protein-sugars) that surrounds some bacterial cell membrane for extra support. • It’s presence or thickness is variable, depending on the species. • Antibiotics, like penicillin, work because they degrade peptidoglycan.

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