ALL ABOUT PHRASES PHRASES TYPES OF PHRASES Noun

ALL ABOUT PHRASES

PHRASES TYPES OF PHRASES • Noun Phrase • Verb Phrase • Gerund Phrase • Infinitive Phrase • Participial Phrase • Prepositional Phrase • Absolute Phrase • Appositive

PHRASES BASIC PHRASES • Noun Phrase • Verb Phrase • Gerund Phrase • Infinitive Phrase • Participial Phrase • Prepositional Phrase • Absolute Phrase • Appositive

PHRASES VERBAL PHRASES • Noun Phrase • Verb Phrase • Gerund Phrase • Infinitive Phrase • Participial Phrase • Prepositional Phrase • Absolute Phrase • Appositive

PHRASES VERBAL PHRASES • Noun Phrase • Verb Phrase • Gerund Phrase • Infinitive Phrase • Participial Phrase • Prepositional Phrase • Absolute Phrase • Appositive

PHRASES NOUN PHRASES • a noun with modifiers • includes articles and other adjectives

PHRASES NOUN PHRASE EXAMPLES • water • a new book • incredibly good fortune

PHRASES VERB PHRASES • a verb • includes auxiliary (helping) verbs and adverbs

PHRASES VERB PHRASE EXAMPLES • go • could have gone • might have very quickly went

VERBALS

THERE ARE THREE VERBAL PHRASES THESE PHRASES ACT AS NOUNS OR MODIFIERS

GERUND PHRASE PARTICIPIAL PHRASE INFINITIVE PHRASE

VERBAL PHRASES GERUND PHRASES • use the "~ing" form of a verb • act as nouns • can be replaced by pronouns • can appear in the subject or direct-object positions in a sentence

VERBAL PHRASES GERUND PHRASES • Studying English is easy. • However, you may not enjoy understanding English. • It is easy. • However, you may not enjoy it.

VERBAL PHRASES PARTICIPIAL PHRASES • act as modifiers • can modify subjects or whole sentences • may appear in present ("~ing") or past ("~ed") form • can appear at the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence • are set off from the main clause by commas

VERBAL PHRASES PARTICIPIAL PHRASES • Pulling hard on his leash, Ponta eagerly started his walk. • Confused by the loud sounds, Ponta started barking.

VERBAL PHRASES PARTICIPIAL PHRASES • Frightened by the loud sounds, Ponta started barking. • Ponta, frightened by the loud sounds, started barking. • Ponta started barking, frightened by the loud sounds.

VERBAL PHRASES PARTICIPIAL PHRASES • Participial Phrases can also modify predicates and objects, and do not use commas in that case: • He was able to open the door using his key. (modifies predicate) • He bought a necklace made of gold. (modifies object)

Gerund phrases and participial phrases are commonly mistaken for each other because both use the -ing form of the verb.

“I am excited!” “I am exciting!”

VERBAL PHRASES GERUND VS. PARTICIPIAL PHRASES • Gerund Phrases: • • act as nouns appear in a noun position can be replaced with pronouns • Participial Phrases: • act as modifiers can appear at the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence are usually separated from the main sentence by commas • • •

VERBAL PHRASES INFINITIVE PHRASES

VERBAL PHRASES INFINITIVE PHRASES • use "to" + the base form of the verb • can act either as a noun or as a modifier

VERBAL PHRASES INFINITIVE PHRASES • George wants to pass the test tomorrow. (noun) • His plan to cheat is a bad idea, however. (modifier)

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES • modify based upon time, place, cause, and manner. • are made up of a preposition and a noun, pronoun, or phrase • These nouns are called objects of the preposition • Prepositions are often unique and used differently, case by case; they require a great amount of study and practice and cannot be understood with a simple rule, or used creatively as you like. noun

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES • You must be careful to place the prepositional phrase close to the words it modifies so you can avoid confusion: • We will talk about the problem of cheating in my office. x • In my office, we will talk about the problem of cheating. o • We will talk in my office about the problem of cheating. o

APPOSITIVE PHRASES • a double noun phrase which clarifies or adds extra information about the noun • can be essential or non-essential • essential appositives use no comma • non-essential appositives use commas

APPOSITIVE PHRASES • My brother, Tito, moved back to America last year. • I went to see Spielberg's new movie Ready Player One last night. • I told my brother Tito that I will be visiting for Christmas. • I told my brother, Tito, that I will be visiting for Christmas.

ABSOLUTE PHRASES • a noun phrase followed by either a prepositional phrase or a participial phrase • act as modifiers • usually are separated by commas • often describe something which clarifies a situation or sets an emotional tone

ABSOLUTE PHRASES • Billy left for the candy store. • Ten dollars in his pocket, Billy left for the candy store. • Marsha waited by the front door, her suitcase packed and ready. • Bruce spoke to the girl sitting next to him. • His wedding ring in his pocket, Bruce spoke to the girl sitting next to him.

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