Alkanes Alkanes Hydrocarbons containing only single covalent bonds

Alkanes

Alkanes • Hydrocarbons containing only single covalent bonds

Alkanes • All hydrocarbons with no multiple bonds end with the suffix -ane • Prefix: Alk- any length carbon chain

Organic Prefixes • 1 = • 2 = • 3 = • 4 = • 5 = methethpropbutpent- 6= 7= 8= 9= 10 = hexheptoctnondec-

1 -Carbon Alkane • Methane • CH 4

2 -Carbon Alkane • Ethane • C 2 H 6 • H 3 C-CH 3

3 -Carbon Alkane • Propane • C 3 H 8 • H 3 C-CH 2 -CH 3

4 -Carbon Alkane • Butane • C 4 H 10 • H 3 C-CH 2 -CH 3 • H 3 C-(CH 2)2 -CH 3

5 -Carbon Alkane • Pentane • C 5 H 12 • H 3 C-(CH 2)3 -CH 3

6 -Carbon Alkane • Hexane • C 6 H 14 • H 3 C-(CH 2)4 -CH 3

7 -Carbon Alkane • Heptane • C 7 H 16 • H 3 C-(CH 2)5 -CH 3

8 -Carbon Alkane • Octane • C 8 H 18 • H 3 C-(CH 2)6 -CH 3

9 -Carbon Alkane • Nonane • C 9 H 20 • H 3 C-(CH 2)7 -CH 3

10 -Carbon Alkane • Decane • C 10 H 22 • H 3 C-(CH 2)8 -CH 3

Drill • Name & give the molecular formula for alkanes with 1, 2, 3, 4, & 5 carbons

Alkane Chemical Formula Cn. H 2 n+2

Name each of the following: C 5 H 12 C 3 H 8 C 8 H 18

Saturated Hydrocarbon • A hydrocarbon with the maximum number of hydrogens possible

All Pure Noncyclic Alkanes • Are saturated hydrocarbons

Carbon Chains • Any group of atoms connected in a row is called a chain • Any continuous chain hydrocarbon is called a carbon chain

Draw & name a 4 carbon chain

Formula Writing • Molecular Formula C 4 H 10

Formula Writing • Condensed structural formula, C-C & C-H bonds understood CH 3 CH 2 CH 3

Formula Writing • Condensed structural formula, only C-H bonds understood CH 3 -CH 2 -CH 3

Formula Writing • Condensed structural formula, bonds understood & repeats in () CH 3(CH 2)2 CH 3

Formula Writing • Carbon skeleton, C-H bonds omitted C-C-C-C

Formula Writing • Complete structural formula HHHH H C C H HHHH

Stick or minimal Structures

Stick Structures • Line ends & joints represent carbons • Hydrogens understood • Others draw

Alkane Shapes • In 2 dimensions we draw o bond s as 90 • The true bond s are o 109. 5 • Tetrahedral in shape

Draw the following • Propane • hexane • butane • heptane octane pentane methane

Name the compound on the board

Draw the following 5 -butyl-3 -ethyl-4 cyclohexyl-, 2, 2 dimethyl-6 propylnonane

Name the following