Algal blooms WATER POLLUTION TYPES OF WATER POLLUTIONCHEMICALS

Algal blooms

WATER POLLUTION • • TYPES OF WATER POLLUTION-CHEMICALS ETC. WATER BORNE DISEASES EUTROPHICATION SEWAGE TREATMENT OXYGEN SAG CURVE BIOACCUMULATION AND BIOMAGNIFICATION SOLUTIONS

https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=o. NDj. L_q 7 k. HU

In the early 1960 s, the Soviet government decided the two rivers that fed the Aral Sea, the Amu Darya in the south and the Syr Darya in the east, would be diverted to irrigate the desert, in an attempt to grow rice, melons, cereals, and cotton

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Figure 12. 3 Lake Chad 1973 -2001 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 12. 5 Water Budget ATMOSPHERE Contains 12, 600 km 3 of water 271 km 3/day About 1/4 of total global precipitation falls on land Precipitation Evaporation 989 km 3/day Most water flux occurs between the oceans and the atmosphere 170 km 3/day Most of the rain that falls on land evaporates back to the atmosphere from land surfaces and plant leaves (evapotranspiration). LAND Streams, lakes, and groundwater contain 4, 124, 200 km 3 of water 888 km 3/day 101 km 3/day Precipitation Runoff and groundwater OCEANS Contain 1, 230, 000 km 3 of water © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Disease organisms • • • Typhoid-bacteria Dysentary-bacteria or amoeba Schistosomiasis - worm Polio-virus Cholera-bacteria

• http: //www. nhm. ac. uk/researchcuration/collections/curationgroups/scan/schistosomiasis/ • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=k. Iw. VRhv k 2 o. M

WATER POLLUTION • • • POLLUTANTS DISEASE ORGANISMS SEWAGE TREATMENT OXYGEN SAG CURVE EUTROPHICATION

BOD-BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND • EXPRESSED IN mg. O 2 per liter of H 2 O • Amount of oxygen needed to gobble up organic chemical • Sewage entering a sewage plants has a BOD of 295 mg. O 2/l-influent • Sewage leaving a sewage plant should have a BOD of 5 mg. O 2/liter-effluent https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=We. Kn. LGl 3 RBk

SEWAGE • ACTIVATED SLUDGE • TRICKLING FILTER

Secondary treatments 1. ACTIVATED SLUDGE 2. TRICKLING FILTER

Sewage organisms • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=r. J 6 hf 14 M BYU

BOD-BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND • EXPRESSED IN mg. O 2 per liter of H 2 O • Amount of oxygen needed to gobble up organic chemical • Sewage entering a sewage plants has a BOD of 295 mg. O 2/l-influent • Sewage leaving a sewage plant should have a BOD of 5 mg. O 2/liter-effluent

SEWAGE TREATMENT • PRIMARY TREATMENT-SETTLING OUT HEAVY ITEMS • SECONDARY TREATMENT • a. activated sludge • b. trickling filter • c. oxidation ponds • Septic tanks

http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Qx 6 aj 3 U 5 Hp 0

plume • A concentrated mass of pollution

eutrophication • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=UGq. Zs. Su G 7 ao

eutrophication • Oligotrophic-few nutrients • Mesotrophic-moderate amount of nutrients • Eutrophic-many nutrients

http: //www. youtube. com/watch? feature=fv wp&NR=1&v=XUCTif 22 Iw. Q

http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=ar. Pq. Po. F OQUM

Activated carbon • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Ju. Ztx. LIwf 4

Runoff from land

BIOMAGNIFICATION AND BIOACCUMULATION

DDT concentration: increase of 10 million times DDT in fish-eating birds 25 ppm DDT in large fish 2 ppm DDT in small fish 0. 5 ppm DDT in zooplankton 0. 04 ppm DDT in water 0. 000003 ppm © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

DDT in large fish 2 ppm DDT in small fish 0. 5 ppm DDT in zooplankton 0. 04 ppm DDT in water 0. 000003 ppm © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.