Algae Algae Algae are the chlorophyllus thallophytes that
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Algae
Algae • Algae are the chlorophyllus thallophytes that can manufacture their own food and they produce oxygen during photosynthesis. So they are called as autotrophic thallophytes. • The term thallus is used for plant body that is not differentiated into root, stem and leaves. Lacks vascular system. • “The study of algae is known as phycology. ”
Habit and habitat • The algae re predominantly aquaticand are found both in fresh and salt-water habitats. • According to the habitat the algae can be classifiedas: v Aquatic algae v Terrestrial v Aerophytes v Cryophytes v Thermophytes
Algae Classification • There is three main Algae classification: • Chlorophyceae – These are called green algae, due to the presence of pigments chlorophyll a and b. Examples are Chlamydomonas, Spirogyra, and Chara • Phaeophyceae – Also called as brown algae, they are predominantly marine. They have chlorophyll a, c, carotenoids and xanthophyll pigments. Examples are Dictyota, Laminaria, and Sargassum • Rhodophyceae – They are the red algae because of the presence of the red pigment, r-phycoerythrin. Examples are Porphyra, Gracilaria, and Gelidium.
Unicellular motile • Chlamydomonas • Occurance It is fresh water free swiming alga. It is frequenlty found in standing water, ponds, ditches, pools, rain water and in damp soil. Structure of Chlamydomonas: Chlamydomonas is unicellular, motile green algae. The thallus is represented by a single cell. The shape of thallus can be oval, spherical, oblong, ellipsoidal or pyriform. The pyriform or pear shaped thalli are common, they have narrow anterior end a broad posterior end
The structure of thallus can be divided into following parts: Cell Wall Cytoplasm Flagella Neuro-motor Apparatus • Chloroplast • Stigma or Eyespot • •
Chlamydomonas reproduces both asexually and sexually • Asexual reproduction occurs by zoospores, aplanospores, hypnospores, or a palmella stage • Sexual reproduction is through isogamy, anisogamy or oogamy
Asexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction
Anisogaymous reproduction
Oogamous reproduction
Life cycle of chlymadomonas
Graphic life cycle
Economic Importance • 1. Food: A number of green algae are used as food, e. g. , Ulva, Caulerpa, Enteromorpha. Chlorella can yield food rich in lipids, proteins, vitamins and minerals. • 2. Antibiotics: They can be extracted from Chlorella and Caulerpa. • 3. Parasites: Cephaleuros virescens causes red rust of tea and reduces yield of tea. It also reduces the yield of coffee, pepper, citrus, etc. • 4. Sewage Oxidation: Sewage oxidation ponds contain a number of green algae, e. g. , Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, Scenedesmus.
• • • https: //www. toppr. com/guides/biology/plant-kingdom/algae/ https: //www. biologydiscussion. com/algae/life-cycle-algae/chlamydomonasposition-occurrence-and-structure-with-diagrams/21052 https: //www. google. com/search? q=structure+of+chlamydomonas&rlz=1 C 1 CHBD_ en. PK 817&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2 ah. UKEwjpw 5 z. G 0 Ovr. Ah. WUi Fw. KHRf. MB 0 EQ_AUo. AXo. ECA 4 QAw&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=Q 3 MO_bgas 2 p. H_ M https: //www. biologydiscussion. com/algae/life-cycle-of-chlamydomonas-withdiagram/53699 https: //www. biologydiscussion. com/algae/green-algae-characters-and-economicimportance-withdiagram/52153#: ~: text=A%20 number%20 of%20 green%20 algae, %2 C%20 proteins %2 C%20 vitamins%20 and%20 minerals.
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