ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA UNIVERSITY OF IAI ROMANIAN HISTORY

“ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA” UNIVERSITY OF IAŞI ROMANIAN HISTORY NATIONAL MUSEUM MAN AND CERVIDS IN THE NEOLITHIC OF ROMANIA Luminiţa BEJENARU, Adrian BĂLĂŞESCU & Vasile COTIUGĂ

NEOLITHIC PERIODS – ROMANIAN TERRITORY Early Neolithic (6000 -4500 b. c. ) - Starčevo-Criş culture Starčevo-Criş 6000 -4500 BC

NEOLITHIC PERIODS – ROMANIAN TERRITORY Developed Neolithic (5000 -4200 b. c. ) – Vinča culture – Linear Pottery culture Linear Pottery 5000 -4250 Vinča 5000 -4250

NEOLITHIC PERIODS – ROMANIAN TERRITORY Chalcolithic (4500 -3500 b. c. ): Early Chalcolithic - Hamangia, Boian, Precucuteni cultures Late Chalcolithic - Gumelnita, Cucuteni, Cernavoda cultures Pre-Cucuteni 4250 -3500 Boian Gumelniţa 4250 -3500 Hamangia Cernavoda 4750 -3500

Early Neolithic Developed Neolithic Chalcolithic Pru a th Tis Transylvania s et Carpathian Mountains Sir Mure Moldavia Olt Banat Dobrudja Walachia Danube Black Sea

Identified cervid species Red deer (Cervus elaphus) Fallow deer (Cervus dama) Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) Elk (Alces alces)

Early Neolithic Developed Neolithic Chalcolithic 13. 15% 15. 73% 10. 54% et Carpathian Mountains Sir 6. 58% 8. 94% s 11. 24% Mure th Pru a Tis Red deer (Cervus elaphus) Olt 14. 87% 15. 88% 9. 39% 2. 09% 8. 17% Danube 10. 54% Black Sea

Early Neolithic Developed Neolithic Chalcolithic 2. 15% 5, 25% 3. 92% Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) et Carpathian Mountains Sir 1. 78% 2. 98% s 4. 94% Mure th Pru a Tis Olt 3. 48% 4. 08% 0. 92% 1. 11% 1. 13% Danube 0. 62% Black Sea

Early Neolithic Developed Neolithic Chalcolithic Pru a th Tis Fallow deer (Cervus dama) Poduri 0. 03% et Sir Carpathian Mountains s Mure Olt Însurăţei 0. 3% Liubcova + Carcaliu 0. 2% Borduşani 0. 01% Danube Geamurlia + Black Sea

Early Neolithic Developed Neolithic Chalcolithic Pru Andrieşeni th a Tis Târpeşti Poduri Elk (Alces alces) Cucuteni et Sir Carpathian Mountains s Mure Olt Liubcova Vităneşti Danube Black Sea

Hunting management Red deer (Cervus elaphus)

Hunting management Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)

Average of withers heights Early Neolithic Developed Neolithic Chalcolithic Pru th a Tis Red deer (Cervus elaphus) 126 cm et Sir Carpathian Mountains s Mure Olt 123. 6 cm 120. 9 cm 124 cm 126 cm Danube Black Sea

Antlers as raw materials Drăguşeni – Cucuteni culture Cervus elaphus a. b. c. d. Tools on antler tines: a. pointed-ended tine; b. handle; c. chisel; d. plate.

Bones as raw materials Cervus elaphus c. a. Capreolus capreolus b. Manufacturing process on a red deer metacarpus: a. anterior face; b. posterior face; c. perforating end. Imitation of red deer canine (unidentified bone). Perforating tools: roe deer metapodials.

Brad (Cucuteni culture). Teeth & Bones as raw materials Hăbăşeşti (Cucuteni culture). Necklaces - Red deed canine teeth and imitations in bone.

Body parts in rituals Alces alces Norma dorsalis Norma basilaris Left antler found at Poduri (Cucuteni culture)

Body parts in rituals Cattle (Bos taurus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) astragali discovered in the tell of Poduri-Dealul Ghindaru, Cucuteni A 1 level.

Thank you for your attention! The stag of the Dudestii Noi (near Bucharest) - Starčevo-Criş culture.