Alexandria Digital Library Project ADEPT KOS Activities KOS

Alexandria Digital Library Project ADEPT KOS Activities KOS = Knowledge Organization Systems Outline o o o KOS in DLs what has been done what activities are planned the main groups involved the problems being faced ADEPT Retreat November 2002

Alexandria Digital Library Project Digital Library Components Libraries Collections SERVICES ACCESSING ANALYZING ARCHIVING CATALOGING DIGITIZING RETRIEVING SEARCHING VISUALIZING DATA STORE CATALOG OF OF OBJECTS METADATA KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION SYSTEMS AUTHORITY FILES CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS CONCEPT SPACES DICTIONARIES GAZETTEERS GLOSSARIES ONTOLOGIES SUBJECT HEADING SETS THESAURI ADEPT Retreat November 2002

Alexandria Digital Library Project Digital Gazetteer Essentials (controlled vocabulary) • None of these elements are unique identifiers of a particular place ADEPT Retreat November 2002

Alexandria Digital Library Project KOS Generalization Type Definition Label Relationships Meaning Sense-making Navigation ADEPT Retreat November 2002 Translation

Alexandria Digital Library Project KOS: what has been done o o Knowledge Base (KB) Gazetteers § ADL Gazetteer Content Standard XML Schema § ADL Gazetteer Service Protocol § ADL Gazetteer (4. 2 million entries; two user interfaces) § Prototype duplicate detection process § In process development of a gazetteer ingest system Thesauri § ADL Feature Type Thesaurus § ADL Thesaurus Protocol Textual Geospatial Integration (TGI) Project § High-level process design § Initial results from experiment with Geo. Ref records ADEPT Retreat November 2002

Alexandria Digital Library Project TGI Service text document PARSE potential names, types, coordinates type thesaurus gazetteer LOOKUP gazetteer entries (known places) ANALYZE ranked footprints and placenames “best” name(s) composite footprint EVALUATE ADEPT Retreat November 2002

Alexandria Digital Library Project Main applications of TGI o Query enhancement § Placenames -> footprints and/or additional placenames § Footprints -> placenames o Cataloging assistance § Textual evidence -> footprint representing what the object is “about” ADEPT Retreat November 2002

Alexandria Digital Library Project Example Geo. Ref Record Structure and petrography of the schist of Skookum Gulch, Callahan-Yreka area, eastern Klamath Mountains, Northern California <key>blueschist | California | Callahan California | foliation | Klamath Mountains | melange | metamorphic rocks | Ordovician | Paleozoic | petrology | schists | Silurian | Siskiyou County California | Skookum Gulch | United States | Yreka California</key> <ab>The schist of Skookum Gulch (SSG) is an informal name applied to a fault-bounded melange composed mainly of schistose metamorphic rocks and less abundant sedimentary and igneous rocks located in the eastern Klamath Mountains of Northern California. The SSG features outcrops of lawsonite+sodic amphibole blueschist and epidote+sodic amphibole rocks transitional to the greenschist facies. Isotopic dating indicates that the schist was metamorphosed during the Ordovician. The SSG is the oldest known Paleozoic blueschist-bearing melange in California and one of the oldest preserved blueschist terranes in North America. Tonalitic rocks associated with the schist have Early Cambrian ages and are among the oldest rocks yet dated within the Klamath Mountains. Field relations indicate that the schist of Skookum Gulch is a complex tectonic melange composed of metavolcanic, carbonate, and metasedimentary blocks and lenses of diverse sizes and shapes dispersed without apparent stratigraphic coherency in a sheared matrix of clastic to pelitic schist, metavolcanic schist, and discontinuous thin lenses of marble. Rocks of the matrix have been metamorphosed to chlorite-grade greenschist facies, whereas the blocks have been metamorphosed under a variety of pressure-temperature conditions. Some blocks have been feebly metamorphosed and retain features of the original protolith material; others have been thoroughly recrystallized under blueschist, transitional, and greenschist facies conditions. Blueschist blocks within the schistose matrix reveal six deformation events, (Dl-D 6): four are folding events, and at least two are ductile and brittle shear deformations. One period of metamorphism under blueschistfacies conditions is recorded in the blueschist blocks. The blocks lack evidence of prograde, greenschist-facies overprinting. Schistose rocks of the matrix are less deformed than the blueschist blocks. Matrix schists show at least two phases of folding. The predominant foliation is the result of tranposition of an early foliation or compositional layering. Other deformations include kink folding, ductile shearing, and brittle fracturing. The polydeformed tectonic blocks are hypothesized to have been incorporated into the melange matrix along a system of faults and rotated into a preferred alignment with the pervasive foliation of the matrix during D 3. Feebly deformed and metamorphosed blocks such as chert, marble, and tonalite were incorporated prior to the time of brittle shearing. </ab> <coord>N 410000 N 420000 W 1230000</coord> ADEPT Retreat November 2002

Alexandria Digital Library Project Lookup Example: Gazetteer Place Name Skookum Gulch Klamath Mountains Northern California Callahan* Silurian Siskiyou County* United States Yreka* North America exact partial 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 492 1 5 14 273 12 8 *within footprint of California ADEPT Retreat November 2002

Alexandria Digital Library Project TGI Evaluation Example Skookum Gluch Klamath Mountains Siskiyou County in California Yreka in California United States Callahan in California Additional placenames Derived footprint • Shasta Butte City • Yreka City • Thompson's Dry Diggings • Eastern Klamath Mountains • Area of Callahan-Yreka • Skookum Gulch ADEPT Retreat November 2002

Alexandria Digital Library Project The Light at the End of the Tunnel o You submit: § a document (could be a query) o You get: § geospatial location + placenames – Best – Also-rans – Alternatives o You apply this output to your processes ADEPT Retreat November 2002

Alexandria Digital Library Project KOS: what activities are planned o o Knowledge Base for ADEPT TGI § Computer processing of geoparsing output to derive estimated footprints for Geo. Ref records § Evaluate similarity of derived footprints to those assigned by Geo. Ref § Refine TGI process based on evaluation results § Run additional textual objects through the TGI process § Publish a TGI service specification ADEPT Retreat November 2002

Alexandria Digital Library Project KOS: what activities are planned o o Gazetteers § Duplicate detection and ingest software for gazetteers § Augmentation of ADL Gazetteer with polygonal footprints § Improved database and searching support for ADL Gazetteer § Growth of a network of distributed gazetteers § Use of Gazetteer Protocol in ADL/ADEPT as basis for new gazetteer client § Proposal for ITR funding to support gazetteer research and development Thesauri § Use thesaurus protocol in an ADL/ADEPT client – e. g. , to access the Feature Type Thesaurus from a Gazetteer client ADEPT Retreat November 2002

Alexandria Digital Library Project KOS: the main groups involved o Knowledge Base § Knowledge Organization Team § San Diego Supercomputer (SDSC) § DLESE o TGI § Terry Smith, Jim Frew, Linda Hill, Greg Janée § Illinois Institute of Technology o Gazetteers § § o Gazetteer Development Team ESRI ECAI University of Redlands, MSGIS program Thesauri § Greg Janée and Linda Hill § USGS Gateway Vocabulary Team ADEPT Retreat November 2002

Alexandria Digital Library Project KOS: the problems being faced o KOS § Integration of KOS as a class of objects into DL architecture – User interface issues – Managing change through time for KOS and collections § Balance of effort between building actual content and building a suite of tools for use by others § Flexible, customizable tools for building KOS § Establishing/implementing standards for KOS structures/representations § Handling data and queries in multiple languages and scripts § Building time-related data (e. g. , historical data in gazetteer entries) & better presentation of time range searching in clients ADEPT Retreat November 2002

Alexandria Digital Library Project KOS: the problems being faced o Gazetteers § Which model to follow: humongous centralized ADL gazetteer vs. distributed gazetteers? § Should we be building ingest systems to support building “personal” gazetteers entry-by-entry or ingesting blocks of gazetteer data from other sources or both? § Spatial data representation in gazetteers – Are bounding box generalizations ‘good enough’? – What is the processing cost for spatial matching using generalized polygons that are more faithful to shape? § ‘Qualified’ placenames – How to provide administrative parent for unqualified placenames in gazetteer u u Add type of relationship linking place to its ‘conventional’ administrative parent Use ‘contained-in’ search operator to find the administrative entities containing the place ADEPT Retreat November 2002

Alexandria Digital Library Project KOS: the problems being faced o TGI § Identifying causes of success and failure in automatic footprint generation – – Effect of of density/frequency of spatial references in the text the geoparsing process applied analysis process that derives the best estimate the quality of the gazetteer and feature type thesaurus § Value of set of additional placenames for text retrieval ADEPT Retreat November 2002

Alexandria Digital Library Project Related URLs o KOS as DL components § Position paper for Classification Research workshop: http: //www. alexandria. ucsb. edu/~lhill/KOSpaper 7 -2 -final. doc o o Knowledge Base Textual Geospatial Integration § Powerpoint presentation: http: //nkos. slis. kent. edu/2002 workshop/frew. ppt o Gazetteers § ADL Gazetteer Development page: http: //www. alexandria. ucsb. edu/~lhill/adlgaz/ o Thesauri § Gazetteer Service Protocol: http: //www. alexandria. ucsb. edu/thesaurus/protocol/ ADEPT Retreat November 2002