Aldehyde and Ketone Reactions Review Oxidation Reaction 8

Aldehyde and Ketone Reactions • • Review - Oxidation Reaction: 8. Oxidation primary alcohol --> aldehyde 9. Oxidation secondary alchol --> ketone 10. Oxidation aldehyde --> acid New Reactions: 6. Reduction: aldehyde + hydrogen --> pri. Alcohol. 6. Reduction: ketone + hydrogen --> sec. Alcohol 14. Hemiacetal Synthesis: alcohol + aldehyde or ketone --> hemiacetal • 15. Acetal Synthesis: hemiacetal + alcohol --> acetal

Aldehyde and Ketone Reactions

Aldehyde and Ketone Reactions • Reduction: aldehyde + hydrogen --> pri. Alcohol • Form of addition reaction.

Reduction: aldehyde + hydrogen • Break hydrogen bond

Reduction: aldehyde + hydrogen • Break double bond and use electrons to bond with hydrogen.

Reduction: aldehyde + hydrogen • Brief Method

Hemiacetal and Acetal Functional Groups • Hemiacetal: alcohol and ether on same carbon • Acetal: Two ethers on same carbon

Hemiacetal Synthesis: aldehyde + hydrogen • • Alcohol + aldehyde --> hemiacetal Ethanal + methanol Alcohol oxygen becomes an ether Carbon double bond oxygen becomes an alcohol

Synthesis of Acetal Functional Group • Acetal: alcohol plus hemiacetal (ether synthesis) • Acetal: Two ethers on same carbon

Aldehyde and Ketone Reactions

Aldehyde and Ketone Reactions

Hemiacetal and Acetal Reactions • Ques. 13: Complete the following reactions: