Alcohol Tobacco and Drugs Mr Ramos Lesson 1

Alcohol, Tobacco, and Drugs Mr. Ramos

Lesson 1: Following Guidelines for the Use of Medicine � Objectives: ◦ Explain how to identify the two basic groups of medicine. ◦ Describe the various prescription and over-thecounter drugs. ◦ Explain how prescription and over-the-counter drugs are purchased. ◦ Discuss how to use medicines safely.

Types of Medicines � There are good drugs and bad drugs. �A drug is a substance other than food that changes the way the body or mind functions. �A medicine is a drug that prevents or cures diseases or relieves its symptoms. � All medicines are drugs, but not all drugs are medicine.

Types of Medicines � Medicines are classified into two groups: ◦ Prescription drugs (Rx)are medicines that a person can get only by a written order from a physician. ◦ Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, are medicines that a person can get without a physician’s written order. � Prescription legal. � The and over-the-counter drugs are Food and Drug Administration (FDA) decides which drugs require a prescription in the US.

Types of Medicines � Analgesics are pain relievers. They block the body’s pain signals to the brain. Aspirin is an analgesic. � Antacids relieve heartburn, indigestion, and upset stomach. � Antibiotics treat infections caused by bacteria. � Antihistamines relieve the symptoms of allergies.

Types of Medicines � � � Cough Medicines fall into two categories: antitussives stop the coughing reflex; expectorants thin the mucus so that it can be cleared away by coughing. Decongestants reduce the swelling of the tissues inside the nose and ease the feeling of being stuffed up. Sedative hypnotics treat anxiety or sleep disorder.

How Medicines are Purchased � Which OTC drug is right for you? ◦ Tylenol or Acetaminophen? vs. � A generic drug is a copy of a brand-name drug. � Generic drugs are cheaper than brand-name drugs. � � Generic drugs are generally as effective and of the same quality as brand-name drugs. Kids should never buy any medicine on their own

How Medicines are Purchased �A pharmacist is a health professional who is licensed to prepare and sell prescription drugs. � Drugs typically have side effects. A side effect is an unwanted reaction to a drug. � Read the label, expiration date, and warning before you take any medicine.

Prescription Drug Label

OTC Drug Label

Using Medicines Safely � � Drug misuse is taking a prescription or over-the-counter medication for medical reasons but using it incorrectly. Examples of drug misuse: ◦ Not following the directions on the drug label ◦ Taking extra doses of the drug ◦ Sharing or borrowing someone else’s prescription ◦ Mixing medicine with alcohol or other harmful substances

Using Medicines Safely � Guidelines for the Safe use of Medicines ◦ Follow directions on the drug label & note side effects ◦ Ask your physician or pharmacist any questions you have ◦ Store medicine out of reach of children and pets ◦ Do not take medicine that is past its expiration date ◦ Do not drink alcohol while on any medication

Using Medicines Safely � Guidelines for the Safe use of Prescription Drugs ◦ Remind your physician of allergies that you have before he or she writes the prescription ◦ Double-check that the pharmacy has given you the right medicine ◦ Call the physician immediately if you feel worse after taking the medicine ◦ Make sure your physician knows if you are on any other medications; this helps prevent possible drug interaction ◦ Finish all the medicine in your prescription, unless otherwise directed by a physician ◦ Store the medicine as directed.

Using Medicines Safely � Guidelines for the Safe use of OTC drugs ◦ Choose the right medicine for your symptoms ◦ Store all your medicines in their original containers ◦ Buy only sealed packages of OTC drugs. Do not purchase a package that is opened or damaged. ◦ Seek medical care if your symptoms continue.

Using Medicines Safely � Long Term Use of Medicine ◦ Use a planner or notebook to record or check off what you take each day and when. ◦ Sort our weekly dosage of pills into a pill organizer or placing your medication next to an object that you use every day.

Lesson 2: Resisting Drug Misuse and Abuse � Distinguish between drug misuse and abuse. � Explain how drug misuse and abuse affect health and society. � Discuss ways to resist pressure to misuse or abuse drugs. � Explain how to get treatment for drug misuse or abuse.

Drug Misuse and Abuse � � Drug misuse may lead to drug abuse. Drug abuse is the intentional use of a drug when no medical or health reasons exist. ◦ People may abuse OTC and Rx drugs, as well as illegal drugs. � Illegal drugs are drugs whose use, sale, or purchase is outlawed by the government. ◦ Examples: cocaine, marijuana, heroin, etc. ◦ Alcohol and tobacco are illegal for minors. � Drug use refers to drug misuse and abuse.

Faulty Thinking about Drug Misuse & Abuse � Why � Fit do some teens take drugs? in with peers: ◦ Having social skills helps teens make and keep friends without taking drugs. � Relax and be less depressed: ◦ Drug use actually adds stress to a person’s life. � Escape boredom: ◦ Becoming involved in school and other activities relieves boredom and the desire to turn to drugs.

Faulty Thinking about Drug Misuse & Abuse � Why do some teens take drugs? � Rebel against authority: ◦ Some teens may feel angry and want to hurt their parents, guardians, or other family members by engaging in destructive behaviors. Drugs can make teens angrier and even violent. � Appear adventurous: ◦ Using drugs interferes with a teen’s ability to achieve his or her goals.

Risks of Drug Use � � Addiction is the compelling need to continue a behavior, such as drug use, even if it is harmful. ◦ Addictions lead to psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence is a condition in which a person develops a mental or emotional need for a drug or other substance. Physical dependence is repeated drug use that causes tolerance. Tolerance is a condition in which the body becomes used to a substance and needs greater quantities to produce the same effect.

Risks of Drug Use � � It is not that easy to quit. Withdrawal is the unpleasant mental and physical symptoms a person experiences when he or she is dependent on a drug or other substance and stops using it. As a person develops tolerance for a drug and takes more and more, he or she may overdose. An overdose is an amount of a drug so excessive that it makes someone ill or causes death.

Signs of Teen Drug Misuse and Abuse � Doing poorly in school � Frequently missing school � Experiencing extreme mood swings � � Losing or gaining weight for no apparent reason Hanging out only with friends who use alcohol or other drugs Feeling depressed or anxious Selling or stealing belongings to get more money for alcohol or other drugs.

Harmful Effects of Drug Use � Effects ◦ ◦ on physical health: Damage to brain, liver, kidneys, lungs, and heart. Person is at increased risk for Hepatitis B or C Affects thinking and emotions People who use drugs may become sexually active and increase the risks of pregnancy and HIV.

Harmful Effects of Drug Use � Effects on mental and emotional health: ◦ Increase likelihood of dropping out of school ◦ Grades in school start to slip ◦ Increased risk for confusion, behavior problems, and depression. ◦ Drug use damages the brain and may result in permanent changes in the way the brain functions.

Harmful Effects of Drug Use � Effects on family and social health: ◦ Increased risk of lying or committing crimes to get money to buy drugs.

Drug Use and Society � The behavior of one person has an effect on many others. � Health Care: Drug use costs the U. S. billions of dollars each ear ◦ 1/3 of all HIV cases are related to drug use through sharing needles. ◦ Visits to the ER

Drug Use and Society � The behavior of one person has an effect on many others. � Crime: A crime is a violation of the law. ◦ Stealing and drug trafficking ◦ Innocent people can be harmed ◦ People may feel unsafe in neighborhoods where drug activity is common

Drug Use and Society � The behavior of one person has an effect on many others. � Costs to family: ◦ Family may have to pay for treatment program ◦ Teens who use drugs may have difficulty making money to support themselves ◦ They may need welfare or other state support if they cannot keep a job

How to Resist Pressure to use Drugs � Follow these four steps to resist pressure to use drugs: ◦ ◦ 1. 2. 3. 4. Say “NO” in a firm voice Give reasons for saying “NO” Be certain your behavior matches your words Ask an adult for help if you need help

Protective Factors � Several protective factors have been shown to help teens avoid risk behaviors such as drug use: ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Having strong family bonds Achieving success in school Being involved in school and community activities Being educated about drug use Having positive self-esteem Being able to express and manage emotions Being able to use resistance skills Having friends with similar values Having goals and a sense of purpose

Treating Drug Misuse and Abuse � In a drug intervention a trained professional, family, and friends meet with the person who uses drugs to discuss the drug use and to encourage the person to get treatment. � Teens can also call a national organization for guidance, such as the National Substance Abuse Help Line, Alcoholics Anonymous, or Narcotics Anonymous.

Treating Drug Misuse and Abuse: Withdrawal � Different drugs produce different withdrawal symptoms. � Withdrawal from alcohol may produce hallucinations, seizures, increased pulse and blood pressure, and vomiting. �A physician may prescribe medicine to help reduce the withdrawal symptoms.

Lesson 3: Resisting Tobacco Use � Objectives ◦ Identify types of tobacco products and their harmful ingredients. ◦ Identify harmful effects of using tobacco products. ◦ Identify harmful effects of secondhand smoke. ◦ Explain how to resist pressure to use tobacco. ◦ Examine influences on tobacco use and regulations. ◦ Discuss how to quit using tobacco products.

Tobacco Products � � Tobacco is a plant grown for its leaves that can be smoked, chewed, or sniffed for the effects of the nicotine contained in them. Nicotine is an addictive drug found in tobacco and may cause cancer. Nicotine alters mood, stimulates the central nervous system, increases heart rate and pressure, and increases health risk problems. Cigarette smoking is the primary risk factor for lung cancer, the leading cause of death in the United States.

Tobacco Use

Tobacco Products � Cigarettes are paper-wrapped rolls of finely shredded tobacco. Any product that contains tobacco harms health � Bidis are small, unfiltered cigarettes from india. They come in a variety of flavors, such as chocolate, vanilla, cherry, and licorice. They contain more tar and nicotine than other cigarettes.

Tobacco Products � � Cigars are made from tobacco rolled in leaves. People who smoke cigars have the same risk of developing cancer of the mouth, throat, and esophagus as those who smoke cigarettes. Chewing tobacco is shredded tobacco leaves that are placed in a wad inside the cheek and occasionally chewed.

Tobacco Products � � Snuff is finely ground tobacco leaves that are placed between the cheek and the gum or the lower lip and the gum. Electronic cigarettes are battery operated cigarettes that contain nicotine and other carcinogens. They may also cause cancer. Any product that contains tobacco harms health

Tobacco and Your Health � � Carcinogens are substances that cause cancer and are contained in cigarette smoke and in tar. Tar is the sticky fluid formed when tobacco burns. When tar accumulates in the lungs, it sticks to the cilia. Cilia are tiny hair-like structures in the respiratory system that help remove dust and other harmful materials from the body.

Tobacco and Your Health � � Carbon monoxide, an odorless, colorless, and poisonous gas, also is found in tobacco smoke. Carbon monoxide increases the heart rate and reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood. Smoking tobacco can lead to emphysema. Emphysema is a condition in which the alveoli become damaged, which gradually limits the ability of the lungs to exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen.

Tobacco and Your Health � Smoking causes wrinkles and premature aging. � Smoking dulls the complexion and stains fingers and teeth. � Smoking decreases the sense of smell and taste. � Smoking causes chronic cough and increased likelihood of respiratory illnesses.

Effects of Second Hand Smoke � � � Secondhand smoke is the smoke exhaled by a person who smokes and the smoke that comes from the burning end of a cigarette, cigar, or pipe. According to the American Lung Association, passive smoking causes 3, 000 deaths from lung cancer and more than 35, 000 deaths from heart disease each year. Infants and children are also affected by tobacco. Fetal smoking syndrome is the presence of birth defects in a baby born to a mother who smoked during pregnancy. A baby’s exposure to secondhand smoke increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome, or SIDS.

How to Avoid Secondhand Smoke � Choose nonsmoking spaces in restaurants. Ask to move if you are too close to smoking areas. � Spend time with friends who don’t smoke. � Politely remind others to obey nonsmoking signs. � Keep fans on and windows open if you live with a person who smokes, or ask the person to smoke outside.

Influences and Regulations � Teens are influence to use tobacco for a variety of reasons: ◦ ◦ ◦ � Advertising companies Magazines Television Shows Movies Protective factors, such as self respect, social skills, and anger and stress management skills, give teens reasons to avoid tobacco use.

How to Quit Using Tobacco Products � � � Some people go “cold turkey, ” which means they abruptly stop using tobacco. Some people cut down their tobacco use gradually. Some people join groups and encourage each other.

Benefits of Quitting Tobacco � More Money � Better breath � Better sense of taste & smell � Cleaner skin and hair � Improved physical condition � Easier Participation in physical activities � � Reduced risk of developing certain cancers and heart disease Longer and better life

Lesson 3 Review � Compare the types of tobacco products, and identify health risks associated with each type. � Explain reasons that some teens start smoking. � Summarize the four steps you can use to resist pressure to use tobacco. � Discuss the regulations regarding tobacco use for teens. � Make a pamphlet that outlines the harmful effects of secondhand smoke.

Lesson 4: Resisting Alcohol � Objectives: ◦ Identify factors that influence blood alcohol concentration. ◦ Recognize ways alcohol harms the body, mind, and relationships. ◦ Describe laws relating to alcohol. ◦ Explain how to resist pressure to use alcohol.

Blood Alcohol Concentration � Alcohol is a drug found in some beverages that slows down the central nervous system. ◦ Alcohol is a depressant � � Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) is the percentage of alcohol in a person’s blood when he or she drinks. BAC is influence by several factors: ◦ ◦ ◦ How much alcohol you consume Length of time a person drank alcohol Person’s weight, height, gender, & tolerance Other drugs Drinking on empty or full stomach

Blood Alcohol Concentration �A person’s BAC is an indicator of how much his or her abilities have been impaired or damaged. ◦ A BAC of 0. 05% results in impaired judgment and coordination. ◦ In most states, a BAC of 0. 10% is considered legally intoxicated. In many states the limit is 0. 08%.

Ways Alcohol Harms the Body � Alcohol Poisoning ◦ Intoxication is the condition of being drunk. It can lead to alcohol poisoning, which can cause coma or death. � Cardiovascular Disease ◦ Drinking alcohol damages heart muscle & increases risk of high blood pressure & strokes. � Central Nervous System Damage ◦ Drinking alcohol destroys brain cells. A person’s ability to learn, to remember, and to think logically is reduced.

Ways Alcohol Harms the Body � Liver disease ◦ Drinking alcohol can lead to cirrhosis of the liver, a condition in which liver tissue is destroyed and replaced by scar tissue. � Gastrointestinal disorders ◦ Drinking alcohol irritates the tissues of the digestive tract. � Birth defects ◦ Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can harm the developing fetus. Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is the presence of birth defects in a baby born to a mother who drank alcohol during pregnancy.

Ways Alcohol Harms the Body � Immune System Damage ◦ Drinking alcohol weakens the immune system. � Obesity ◦ Drinking alcohol increases the number of calories that a person consumes. Alcohol is high in calories.

Ways Alcohol Harms the Mind � Alcohol can harm your mind in many ways. It can cause ◦ Impaired judgment ◦ Inappropriate behavior, including aggression and violence ◦ Mood swings ◦ Inability to manage emotions healthfully ◦ Loss of coordination ◦ Slowed reaction time ◦ Memory loss

Signs of a Drinking Problem � There are several warning signs that a person has a drinking problem ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Drinking to relax Preferring to drink alone Failing to keep up grades at school Trying to stop drinking without success Drinking in the mornings Having a loss of memory after drinking Lying about drinking Getting intro trouble while drinking Becoming drunk unintentionally Being increasingly depressed

Ways Alcohol Affects Relationships � � � Less energy for making new friends No longer interested in the relationships they already have They are often absent from work or school Difficulty controlling violent or abusive behavior Person makes decisions that negatively affect the health of their families

Alcoholism � � Alcoholism is a disease in which a person is dependent upon alcohol. There are four symptoms or signs of alcoholism: ◦ ◦ 1. A strong craving for alcohol 2. The need for more and more alcohol in order to feel the effects 3. The inability to stop drinking once a person begins 4. Withdrawal symptoms such as nausea, sweating, shakiness, and anxiety.

Alcoholism � Due to heredity, some people are at greater risk for developing alcoholism than others. 1. 2. 3. 4. When a person drinks, the body converts the alcohol to a poison called acetaldehyde. The body converts acetaldehyde to carbon dioxide and water and eliminates this from the body. When heredity is a factor, a small amount of acetaldehyde goes to the brain and is converted to THIQ accumulates in the brain, causing the person the become addicted to it.

Teens and Alcohol � The media may show characters drinking, giving teens the impression that is fun and cool. � However, drinking alcohol has health risks and consequences.

Teens and Alcohol � Alcoholism ◦ Teens who begin drinking before the age of 14 are three times more likely to develop alcoholism during their lives than those who begin drinking as adults. ◦ If one or more members of a teen’s family have alcoholism, the teen has a greater risk for developing the disease. ◦ Occasional drinking has a harmful effect on teens’ memories because their brains are still developing.

Teens and Alcohol � Risk behavior ◦ When teens drink, they are more likely to engage in risk behaviors, such as being sexually active. ◦ Risks include unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases and HIV. ◦ Drinking alcohol is linked to depression, suicide, and increased risk of unintentional injuries.

Teens and Alcohol � Breaking the Law ◦ In 1984, the U. S. Congress raised the legal drinking age to 21. ◦ In 1995, Congress ordered all states to adopt “zero tolerance” laws, making it illegal for people under 21 to drive with any measurable amount of alcohol in their bodies. ◦ It is legal for adults to drink alcohol.

Teens and Alcohol � Car crashes ◦ Do not ride with anyone you suspect has been drinking, even if this person tells you he or she is okay to drive. ◦ The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration notes that in 2001, about 31% of teens reported that they had ridden with driver who had been drinking.

Lesson 5 Resisting Illegal Drugs � Objectives ◦ Discuss examples of illegal drug use. ◦ Identify different types of illegal drugs and their effects on health and society. ◦ Explain how to resist pressure to use illegal drugs.

Illegal Drugs � Illegal drugs have no accepted medical value. � Illegal drug cannot be bought, sold, or made.

Marijuana – an illegal drug � � Marijuana (aka weed) is an illegal drug made from a plant that contains THC produces changes in a person’s mind and body. ◦ Short-term effects: memory loss, distorted perception, decreased muscle strength, loss of coordination, increased heart rate, and anxiety. ◦ Long-term effects: lung & mouth cancer, respiratory infections, & emphysema. � Marijuana is known as a gateway drug because it opens the way for people to try other more powerful drugs.

Stimulants �A stimulant is a drug that increases the speed of the body’s functions. ◦ Amphetamines are stimulants that increase blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing rate. They cause sleeplessness, shakiness, headaches, blurred vision, sweating, and sometimes paranoia and hallucinations. ◦ Methamphetamine is a type of amphetamine that produces shortterm feelings of elation followed by feelings of depression. ◦ Cocaine is a highly addictive stimulant drug made from the leaves of the coca plant. It is sometimes used as a local anesthetic. Cocaine can be inhaled or injected. ◦ Crack is a form of cocaine that is smoked. Why might a person take a stimulant?

Hallucinogens �A hallucinogen is a drug that distorts the senses. � People who use hallucinogens feel, hear, and see things that are not real. ◦ Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is usually sucked or licked from squares of decorated blotting paper. LSD is not addictive, but it does lead to tolerance and severe mental illnesses. ◦ Phencyclidine (PCP) is a hallucinogen that can interfere with hormone secretions that affect growth, development, and learning. People who use PCP may suffer comas, seizures, and death.

Narcotics �A narcotic is a drug that relieves pain, dulls the senses, and causes sleep. ◦ Codeine and morphine are medicinal narcotics; they are legal. ◦ Heroin is an illegal narcotic. � All narcotics are highly addictive. � Heroin may be smoked, snorted, or injected. ◦ It gives people an intense feeling of happiness. ◦ Heroin slows mental functioning and can cause slurred speech, a sensation of heaviness, & vomiting. ◦ People who share needles to inject heroin are at risk for HIV and hepatitis.

Club Drugs � Club drugs received their name because they are commonly used in nightclubs. �A designer drug is a slightly altered, synthetic version of an illegal drug. ◦ Some club drugs, such as ecstasy are designer drugs. � Ecstasy, also known as MDMA, is both a stimulant and a hallucinogen. ◦ Produces feelings of energy. ◦ Leads to confusion, depression, severe anxiety, muscle tension, nausea, and blurred vision.

Depressants � A depressant is a drug that slows the body’s functions. ◦ Alcohol is a depressant. � � � GHB can cause seizures, coma, and death. Rohypnol causes memory loss, lowers blood pressure, and leads to drowsiness & confusion. GHB and Rohypnol are called date rape drugs. They have no color, taste, or odor, and can be slipped into someone’s drink without them noticing. Never leave your drink unattended

Inhalants � An inhalant is a drug that is breathed into the lungs. ◦ Examples: lighter fluid, nail polish remover, and glue. � Inhalants enter the brain quickly and produce a strong but short-lived high. � Long term use of inhalants can cause kidney and liver damage.

Illegal Drugs and Society � Family Problems ◦ Innocent people die in car accidents ◦ Drug abuse & overdosing leads to death ◦ Teens who use drugs may not finish high school ◦ Teens who use drugs may lose friends and struggle with psychological problems.

Illegal Drugs and Society � Health care and criminal justice ◦ People who use drugs are at an increased risk of becoming infected with HIV, hepatitis, tuberculosis, and other infectious diseases. ◦ Prisons are filled with people who committed crimes while on drugs.

Illegal Drugs and Society � Treatment ◦ Teens should talk to a responsible adult if they feel someone may have a drug problem. ◦ Programs to help teens include counseling, participation in group therapy, and support groups.