Alcohol Skills Training Program Guiding Principles The best

Alcohol Skills Training Program

Guiding Principles • The best way to avoid the negative effects of alcohol is to not drink at all. • It is illegal to drink if you are under 21. • If you choose to drink, we can provide you with strategies that minimize the risks associated with alcohol consumption. • Any steps taken to reduce high risk drinking behavior are steps in the right direction.

Expectations What are your expectations from alcohol?

Expectations What are some desirable effects of alcohol?

Expectations What are some desirable effects of alcohol? • More Social • Dance Better • Make Hookups Easier

Expectations What are some undesirable effects of alcohol?

Expectations What are some undesirable effects of alcohol? • • • Hangover Money Legal Repercussions Drunk Texting Drunk Food

What are the connections? • Desirable effects are short term effects while undesirable effects are long term effects. • Desirable effects are linked to low risk drinking and undesirable effects are linked to high risk drinking. • Desirable effects usually occur in groups and undesirable effects occur individually.

Bar Lab

Bar Lab Design

Bar Lab Results

Summary • The effects of substances are due to the drug itself, the setting a person is in, and his/her mindset. • The expectancy effect is more powerful than the chemical or physiological effects of alcohol. • The social and interpersonal things that happen with alcohol are a result of expectancies.

What is a Standard Drink? • The amount of any beverage that is equivalent to 0. 5 oz of pure alcohol • • 12 oz. beer 10 oz. wine cooler or microbrew 8 oz. malt liquor, Canadian beer, or ice beer 6 oz. ice malt liquor 4 oz. wine 2. 5 oz. fortified wine 1. 25 oz. 80 -proof hard alcohol 1 oz. 100 -proof hard alcohol

Assessment of Use How much alcohol do you consume?

What is a Standard Drink?

Assessment of Use What do you usually drink?

Uptown Drink Contents Trashcan: # of standard drinks: 4 -6 Calories: ~650 calories Caffeine: ~80 mg Mindprobe Pitcher: # of standard drinks: 4 -6 Calories: ~1, 260 calories Redskin: # of standard drinks: 1. 5 Calories: ~648 calories Caffeine: ~80 mg

The Average College Student 18 percent of students did not drink any alcohol in the past year. Of students that did drink, 56 percent say that they drank four or less drinks per occasion in the past two weeks. 66 Percent of students say they refused an offer of alcohol or other drugs in the past month Not everyone drinks, not everyone drinks heavily, and even heavy drinkers have not-so-heavy nights.

What is Alcohol? • Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant. • As one’s blood alcohol level goes up, the depressant effect becomes more pronounced. • Because the brain is a part of the central nervous system, we see the deficits in cognitive processing and motor coordination increase as individuals get more intoxicated. • It is important to remember that reaction time decreases with the first sip of alcohol.

Alcohol Entering the System • When you swallow a drink the alcohol first travels to your stomach. • Some of the alcohol (approximately 20%) begin going through the stomach wall and into your bloodstream through a process called absorption. • The rest of the alcohol then travels to the small intestine, where it enters the bloodstream rapidly and completely, regardless of the food content in the small intestine at the time. • Therefore, once alcohol reaches the intestine, the rate of absorption is fairly standard.

Rate of Absorption • The higher the concentration of alcohol in your beverage, the faster it is absorbed into your bloodstream. • When you have eaten recently and there is still food in your stomach, the movement of alcohol from the stomach into the small intestine is delayed. Thus, the absorption of alcohol will be slower than if you are drinking on an empty stomach. • The faster you drink, the faster the alcohol will get into your bloodstream. • Effervescence also increases the rate of absorption.

Alcohol Exiting the System • Approximately 90% of alcohol is broken down in the body, primarily by the liver and to a lesser extent in the stomach lining. • Alcohol is first changed into a toxic chemical called acetaldehyde; but it is quickly changed into a less toxic chemical called acetate. • Eventually, acetate is changed into carbon dioxide and water, which are returned to the bloodstream to be filtered out by the kidneys and excreted as urine. • The 10% of the alcohol that is not oxidized in the livers leaves the body through sweat, breath, or directly through urine.

Sobering Up… • Compared with how quickly your body can absorb alcohol, the rate of metabolism is very constant. • The liver can only metabolize alcohol at a rate of 0. 016% per hour. The rate of metabolism can be thought of as the speed at which a person “sobers up. ” • There is no way to speed up the “sobering up” process. • Coffee, water, exercise, etc. might cause a shock to the system, but it won’t impact your blood alcohol level.

Sobering Up… • If you stopped drinking at midnight with a BAL of 0. 08, when would you be sober? • 0. 16? • 0. 24?

Sobering Up… • If you stopped drinking at midnight with a BAL of 0. 08, when would you be sober? • 5: 00 am • 0. 16? • 10: 00 am • 0. 24? • 3: 00 pm, and you would be legally too impaired to drive until about 10: 00 am

Blood Alcohol Level • BAL (Blood Alcohol Level) = BAC (Blood Alcohol Content) • BAL is usually calculated as a percentage. Thus, an individual who has reached the legal limit of 0. 08% BAL has a concentration of alcohol in the blood stream equal to 80 parts (milligrams) alcohol for every 1, 000 parts blood. • The legal limit for driving while intoxicated in most states is 0. 08%. Some states allow a 0. 10%. Some states have set a 0. 02% limit for minors. • What BAL/BAC is not: the number of drinks a person consumes.

Effects of BAC

Warning Signs: Alcohol Poisoning • Cannot be awakened or is unresponsive • Cold, clammy, pale, or bluish skin • Slow or irregular breathing or heartbeat • Vomiting while passed out

Good Samaritan Procedure Miami University will not arrest or take disciplinary action for a violation of Miami’s drug or alcohol policies against those students who seek emergency medical assistance for themselves or other students. • Not available if students violate some other University policy that warrants disciplinary action (e. g. students who are disruptive/combative, refuse treatment, commit assault or do property damage, possession of fake ID) • Student will be required to meet with OESCR and a University abuse specialist for education and assessment. • For more questions contact Susan Vaughn (director of OESCR) at vaughnsr@miamioh. edu.

Sex Differences • Why does BAL differ between men and women? • Fluid Volume • Enzyme Levels • Hormone Levels

Alcohol Tolerance • When someone develops tolerance, it means that over time, he has to drink more alcohol to get the effects he would normally expect at a lower BAL. Or, consequently, the same amount of alcohol does not produce the effect it did in the past. • Tolerance is not the same as BAL. Thus, someone who is not experiencing the expected effects at his current BAL is not any less drunk.

Point of Diminishing Returns

Risk Reduction Guidelines • For those who already abstain, stick with that. • For those who usually drink below 0. 05 -0. 06%, stick with that. You’re less impaired at 0. 02% than you would be at 0. 05%. • For those who usually drink above 0. 06%, consider setting a limit between 0. 05 -0. 06% in order to maximize the positive effects and minimize the negative effects.

Risk Reduction Strategies • Set your drinking limit before a social drinking occasion • Keep track of how much you drink • Space out your drinks • Alternate alcoholic drinks with non-alcoholic drinks • Drink for quality, not quantity • Avoid drinking games • Learn drink refusal skills • Find other things to do • Don’t accept a drink if you don’t know what’s in it

Healthy Minds Study Did you witness someone drinking 0% too much, and if so did you intervene? No 25% Yes, but I did not intervene 32% Yes, and I intervened 43%

The Bystander Effect • Phenomenon in which someone is less likely to intervene in an emergency situation when others are present than when he or she is alone. • Strategies to intervene • Direct • Distract • Delegate

What is Consent? • Positive, unambiguous, and voluntary agreement throughout a sexual encounter. • A sober, non-coerced, expressed yes that can be withdrawn at any time. • Prior sexual activity does not imply consent. • If you engage in sexual activity while significantly impaired by drugs or alcohol, consent CANNOT be given.

Resources • Student Counseling Service – (513) 529 -4634 • Community Counseling & Crisis Center – (513) 523 -4146 • Sexual Assault Response Coordinator– (513) 529 -1870 • Student Health Service – (513) 529 -3000 • Miami Police Department (MUPD) – (513) 529 -2222 • HAWKS Peer Health Educators – (513) 529 -8544