Alcohol Research Overview Finding information on alcohol related

Alcohol Research

Overview • Finding information on alcohol related harm? • What do we know about: ‒ Alcohol’s harm to others? ‒ The impact of alcohol on Māori and Pasifika? ‒ Children’s exposure to alcohol?

Finding info. on alcohol related harm

Finding information on alcohol related harm • www. hpa. org. nz • www. alcohol. org. nz • www. healthspace. ac. nz

Harm to others

3 in every 100 births may be affected by alcohol Source: Ministry of Health, 2018

Diminished inclusivity in public space SHORE & Whāriki, 2019 Amenity The pleasantness or attractiveness of a place Inclusivity of public space The extent to which people are willing to enter, use or live in a locality

Diminished inclusivity in public space SHORE & Whāriki, 2019 New Zealand Avoid drunk people or places where drinkers are known to hang out Felt unsafe in a public place Felt unsafe waiting for or using public transport Kept awake and disturbed at night 20092 Females 33% Males 31% 15% 13% 8% 36% 33% Annoyed by vomit, urination or litter 42% Trouble or noise related to licensed venue 7% Property damage 9% 50% 8% 11% Casswell et al. , 2011

Diminished inclusivity in public space SHORE & Whāriki, 2019 • Greatest impact on women, younger people and more socially deprived communities • People’s sense of belonging and feelings about their neighbourhood can be strongly impacted by alcohol supply and use • Mental health and wellbeing may be negatively impacted by perceptions of local disorder and fear of crime • Where there are more alcohol outlets in a community, there tends to be more crime, nuisance, disorder, public drinking and property damage

Broken glass and litter were reported as a nuisance, and families and children who use parks were uncomfortable encountering people continuing to drink through the day. Noise from shouting, negative effects of street drinking on trade for nearby businesses, and the potential for delayed commercial development were other concerns. (Pennay et al. , 2014; Van Hout & Bingham, 2013)

Hamilton Intercept study – pre-drinking • Majority purchased their alcohol on the day they consumed it • Pre-drinkers had significantly higher breath alcohol content than non-pre-drinkers • Motivations ‒ ‘price’ or ‘to save money’ ‒ ‘to get drunk’ and ‘to have fun’ Source: Cameron et al. (in draft)

Māori and Pasifika

Upcoming research • Hazardous drinking among Māori • Drinking patterns in Pasifika • Impact of alcohol on Māori and Pasifika whānau wellbeing

Maori who experienced discrimination were 1. 4 x more likely to report hazardous drinking (Source: Winter 2019)

Children’s exposure to alcohol

Kids’Cam research • Children exposed to alcohol marketing 4. 5 x a day (excluding off-licences, screens and product packaging) • Product packaging 7. 7 x a day • Children exposed to alcohol on 85% of visits to the supermarket • Neighbourhood exposure: 15 x higher for Māori children compared with NZ/European children • Source: Chambers 2018

Drinking at home Source: Health and Lifestyle Survey 2016

Adolescent alcohol use • majority who ‘don’t drink or drink at low levels’, some that ‘drink heavily on occasion’, and few that ‘drink frequently and heavily’. • Factors associated with alcohol consumption in adolescence: ‒ ‒ ‒ • parenting factors family and school connection, having peers that drink and/or supply alcohol, individual personality characteristics, adolescent attitudes towards alcohol, and experience of adverse events. Parental supply of alcohol is associated with alcohol initiation, alcohol use and misuse, and alcohol-related harms in adolescence.

Alcohol use Survey

Alcohol Use in NZ Survey • Alcohol consumption and behaviours • Attitudes and beliefs about drinking • Experiences of short-term harm from alcohol • Results due mid-2019

• H. sharpe@hpa. org. nz Thank you