Alcohol and Tobacco Chapters 19 and 20 19

Alcohol and Tobacco Chapters 19 and 20

19 -1: Drugs • What is a drug? • It is a chemical that causes changes in a person’s body or behavior • Drugs our a part of everyday life • HOW? • What are the different types of drugs?

Alcohol as a Drug • There are two type of drugs: • ________(_____)help people maintain their health • ___________: chemicals that are forbidden by law because their dangerous • Drug Abuse: intentionally misusing drugs of any kind for nonmedical purpose

Alcohol as a Drug • Is alcohol a drug? • Not only is it a drug, but for high school students it is the most widely abused drug • Almost ___% of high school students have tried alcohol • Why?

Alcohol as a Drug • Ethanol: is the alcohol that is found in beer, wine and liquor • Not all alcoholic drinks contain the same amounts of ethanol • Beer and wine will have labels indicating how much alcohol is in each product

Alcohol as a Drug • Liquor has a greater percentage of alcohol than wine or beer • Can you name some of these types of alcohol • These types of alcohol have the proofs listed on their labels • Measure of the percent of alcohol in the beverage • 100 proof = 50% alcohol

Alcohol as a Drug • Alcohol drastically affects the body • It starts by getting into your _______ • Acts as a ______: drug that slows the activity of the bodies CNS

Alcohol as a Drug • It affects your CNS by slowing down your normal reactions • • ___________________ • Drinking large amounts can also affect vital functions such as heartbeat and breathing • It also effects the development of your brain

Who Uses Alcohol • Over 100 million Americans consume alcohol • Who abuses alcohol? • Anyone can • All sex, races, cultures and backgrounds abuse alcohol EVEN CELEBERTIES too • Sarah Silverman Actress (Comedian) -- Samual L. Jackson (Actor) Stephen King (Author)—Mel Gibson (Actor)

Why People Drink • The reason people drink can be different • It can start by viewing it at an early age from family members • ___________ can also lead to people drinking • What is meant by this? • Why do teens experiment with alcohol? • ______________________ • __________________

Future Risks Drinking and sexual activity: • Alcohol makes you think unclearly, which can lead to unplanned sexual activity • What can be a result of this? • • • _________________________ _____________

• One study found that (75%) of the males and (50%) of the females involved in college campus acquaintance rapes had been drinking when the sexual assault occurred

Legal Risks • Not only is buying alcohol when under the age of ___ illegal, selling to someone who is underage is as well • Buying or consuming alcohol under the age can result if fines and lawful seizure of property

____________ • What is the most commonly committed violent crime? • Those over the age of 21 have a legal responsibility • 40% of all fatal automobile accidents are alcohol related • The more alcohol consumed the more likely a chance of an automobile accident

Drinking and Driving • 3 out of every 10 people in the U. S. will be involved in an alcohol related crash at some point in their lives • Everyday, ___________________ in the United States

Drinking and Driving • Penalties vary for drinking and driving • Massachusetts drinking and driving laws • Sobriety Tests

19 -2: Alcohol’s Effect on the Body • Alcohol travels through the same pathways as does your food • Once alcohol reaches the blood it circulates throughout your body, affecting every part of it

Short Term Physical Effects • Alcohol can be extremely toxic • Intoxication: refers to many negative effects alcohol has on a drinker’s body and behavior • It can have many short term effects • Those that happen within minutes or even days of drinking alcohol • Ex: • Nausea- vomiting- dehydration- loss of judgment and self control- reduced reaction time- poor vision- memory loss- blackout- coma- death

Bloodstream • Alcohol causes the blood vessels to widen • With this, more blood flows to the skins surface • Although this may make you feel warmer at the time, it actually causes your body temperature to drop • Those who drink in cold weather to get warm actually accomplish the opposite

Brain • Alcohol is a depressant, which means it slows the function of the central nervous system. • Alcohol blocks some of the messages trying to get to the brain, which alters a person's perceptions, emotions, movement, vision, balance and hearing

Effects on the Mind • About 15 minutes after finishing one or two drinks, people describe the change in their body as relaxing • That is not the case, their body is experiencing several physical changes • After 2 drinks, a person loses their ability to make good decisions, pay attention, follow complex thoughts, or cope with difficult situations • You start to lose your inhibition: natural limits people put on their behaviors

Effects on the Mind • Reaction times are slowed dramatically — which is why people are told not to drink and drive. • People who are intoxicated may think they're moving properly when they're not. • They may act totally out of character. • People who have overused alcohol may stagger, lose their coordination, and slur their speech. • They will probably be confused and disoriented.

Brain • When large amounts of alcohol are consumed in a short period of time, alcohol poisoning can result. • the body has become poisoned by large amounts of alcohol. • Signs and Symptoms of alcohol poisoning • • • Violent vomiting is usually the first symptom Extreme sleepiness unconsciousness difficulty breathing even death may result.

Brain • Heavy drinkers, even first time drinkers may suffer from blackouts • Are periods of time that the drinker can not recall • To others the drinker may seem perfectly fine, but the following day there may be no recollection of what occurred the night before • Why is this bad?

Stomach & Small Intestines • Alcohol increases acid in the stomach, which in alcohol abusers can lead to severe stomach pain or sores in the intestines. • ______________________________________

Liver • The liver's main job is to filter the toxins in your blood coming from the digestive tract, before passing it to the rest of the body. • When you drink faster than your liver can breakdown the alcohol that is what causes intoxication 28

Kidney • Kidney: excretes waste products from the body in the form of urine • They also control the body's fluid balance, and regulate the balance of electrolytes. • Alcohol prevents the release of body chemicals that regulate how much urine needs to be produced • More urine is produced – more water is lost • Drinker may lose water needed for the body to function properly, dehydration 29

Blood Alcohol Concentration • The amount of ethanol in a persons blood, expressed as a % • Typically this measurement is converted to a percentage such as 0. 10%, which indicates that one-tenth of a percent of a person's blood is alcohol. • A number of things can affect a person’s BAC • • • _________ Age, weight & height ________________________________________ Volume of alcohol consumed _____________________

Blood Alcohol Concentration • The rate the liver can breakdown alcohol is constant • _____________________________________________ • Some one who has 3 drinks in 1 hr will become more drunk than someone who has 3 drinks within 3 hrs • Over time without consuming more alcohol the BAC decreases

Blood Alcohol Concentration • What are some ways a person can sober up? • • • Eat bread Eat peanut butter Take a cold shower Drink lots of water Get some fresh air Drink coffee • __________________________________________________ • When a person consumes to much alcohol a hangover can occur • Not everyone experiences hangovers, but the only way to be sure never to have one is by?

Behavioral Effects • Not only does alcohol effect you physically but it can effect your behaviors as well • A persons mood and reason can also alter the effects of alcohol • Your surroundings can also effect a person as well • How is this so?

Behavioral Effects • What is inhibitions and how does it become reduced? • What: __________________________________________ • How: Alcohol causes you to lose your judgment and self control and decreases your natural fears • Shy people may become outgoing and serious people may act foolish

Life-Threatening Short-Term Effects Motor Vehicle Crashes: • 50% of fatal crashes and 2/3 of all crashes involving personal injury are related to alcohol use • 1/3 of pedestrians hit or killed by motor vehicles are drunk • Driving while intoxicated is illegal in all 50 states • Legal BAC for someone 21 and over? • Legal BAC for someone under 21? • Drivers who cause a crash are usually tested to determine their BAC, if there is reasonable cause

Life-Threatening Short-Term Effects Synergism: • Interaction when drugs increase each others effects when taken together • It means that the effects of drugs taken together can be very different than the effects they produce solo. • Alcohol is a depressant, just like tranquilizers and sleeping pills. • _________________________ • And when people drink enough (or combine too much alcohol with too many downers), things slow down so much that they stop altogether.

Life-Threatening Short-Term Effects Overdose • taking an excessive amount of a drug that leads to a coma or death • Severe intoxication causes the heart and breathing to stop • Many people think they will pass out before they drink a fatal amount, why is this not true? • _____________________________________________

Life-Threatening Short-Term Effects Overdose: • Just because you are unconscious does not mean your BAC can not increase • A person can also die from choking on their own vomit from overdosing on alcohol

Long-Term Health Risks • Those who drink occasionally and in moderation usually are not at risk for developing long term problems related to health • Social drinkers is in moderation • The same can not be said for those who drink heavily • Over time every system in the body is affected

Long-Term Health Risks • Worldwide Recommendations on Alcohol Consumption • Men = 2 drinks per day • Women = 1 drink per day • A standard drink is defined as 12 ounces of regular beer; a 5 ounce glass of wine; or 1. 5 ounces of 80 -proof distilled spirits

Long-Term Health Risks Tolerance • When the body becomes accustomed to or builds up a resistance to a drug • ___________________________________________ • People mistakenly use this word, by calling this type of drinker a “good drinker”

Long-Term Health Risks Dependence: • When the body develops a resistance to a drug and requires the drug to function normally • ___________________ • As your tolerance builds dependence occurs • ___________________

Long-Term Health Risks You might be dependent on alcohol if you have three or more of the following problems in a year: • You cannot quit drinking or control how much you drink. • You need to drink more to get the same effect. • You have withdrawal symptoms when you stop drinking. These include feeling sick to your stomach, sweating, shakiness, and anxiety. • You spend a lot of time drinking and recovering from drinking, or you have given up other activities so you can drink. • You have tried to quit drinking or to cut back the amount you drink but haven't been able to. • You continue to drink even though it harms your relationships and causes physical problems.

Long-Term Health Risks • The major psychological symptom of dependence is a strong desire or emotional need to continue using the drug • How is this different from Alcohol abuse? • ______________________________________ _________________ • Which can eventually lead to dependence

Long-Term Health Risks Brain Damage: • Long term alcohol abuse can destroy the nerve cells in your brain • ____________________ • Loss of these cells causes: • • • Shrunken brain ____________ Forgetfulness ____________ Poor judgment Interferes with normal everyday functions

Long-Term Health Risks Digestive Problems: • Mouth, Esophagus, & Stomach: • _____________________ • _____________________________________ • To much alcohol can cause to much stomach acid, which can lead to heartburn, indigestion or ulcers

Long-Term Health Risks Liver Damage: • Your liver breaks down fats and alcohol prevents this from happening • Because it can not break the fat down you liver becomes filled with fat • _______________________

Long-Term Health Risks Liver Damage: • Cirrhosis: disease in which useless scar tissue replaces normal liver tissue • Heavy drinkers suffering from the illness may have the following symptoms: • ____________________ • ___________ • Is the last stage of liver damage and can lead to death

Long-Term Health Risks Alcoholic Hepatitis: • inflammation of the liver caused by the toxic effects of alcohol • Symptoms of hepatitis include: • • Weakness Fever Yellowing of the skin Enlargement of the liver

Long-Term Health Risks Heart Disease: • Excessive drinking can lead to increased blood pressure and heart rate & irregular heartbeat • ___________________ • Why is this bad? • Alcohol abuse leads to heart disease which is the leading cause of death in the US

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome • Group of birth defects caused by the effects of alcohol on an unborn child • Occurs when alcohol in the mothers blood passes in to the unborn baby’s blood Babies usually suffer from: • ____________ • smaller heads • ____________ • abnormal joints and limbs • poor coordination • _____________ • short memories • Leading cause of mental disabilities in America

• Review of 19 -2 http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=z. Xj. ANz 9 r 5 F 0

19 -3: Alcoholism

Alcoholism • What is it? • Having an addiction to alcohol. • It is not something that is personally choice • It can not be controlled • The person becomes dependent on alcohol • They no longer no how to use the drug for recreational purposes

Alcoholism • Why do some drinkers become alcoholics? • Genetics can be a factor • Environment a person grows up in

Genetics • High initial tolerance. • Different rate of metabolism. • Metabolize alcohol quicker. • Hence higher tolerance

Environment Households: • Some parents with alcohol problems might mistreat or abuse their children emotionally or physically • Others may neglect their kids by not providing sufficient care and guidance • What might this influence? • Parents with alcohol problems might also use other drugs

Environment • Alcoholism high in some cultures: Americans, Swiss, Irish, Poles. Low in others: Chinese, Greeks, Orthodox Jews

Alcoholism is low in cultures where • Children learn alcohol is a beverage. • Served in dilute forms. • Abstain okay. • Parents model moderate drinking • Getting drunk not seen as comical. • Everyone knows ground rules.

Alcoholism is higher in cultures where • No ground rules. • Mixed messages from different individuals and groups. Getting drunk okay? Funny? • Heavy drinking is encouraged. • Drinking a sign of masculinity or adulthood.

Media images of alcohol • Ireland has highest heavy drinking rates in Europe. • Youth bombarded with alcohol ads. • Have begun to restrict advertising. • Change the culture.

Stages of Alcoholism • The alcoholic process through several stages • Early—Middle—Late • Why do teens tend to go through these stages quicker than adults? • Smaller body sizes • No tolerance • Less experience

Early Stage of Alcoholism • It no longer becomes a social drink • Drinker starts to become obsessed with drinking and takes in excessive amounts of alcohol • This type of drinking is known as Problem Drinking

Early Stage of Alcoholism • When does problem drinking occur • When drinking is used to deal with stress, is used to escape from problems, or is used because of its mood altering capabilities • Problem Drinkers start to depend on alcohol • • They drink alone Drink solely to get drunk Make excuses for their drinking behavior Problems always follow these drinkers • More frequently involved in car crashes—falls— drowning—fires—burns—fights—spousal and child abuse—rape—suicide—murder

Early Stage of Alcoholism • Behaviors in the early stage of alcoholism: • Increasing tolerance • Lack of recognition by the person that he or she is in the early stages of a progressive illness • More frequent drinking of greater amounts • A conscious effort to seek out more drinking opportunities • An ability to drink great amounts of alcohol without any apparent impairment • Drinking is not social but a psychological escape from stress and problems • Boasting and a "big shot" complex

Middle Stage of Alcoholism • Dependency on alcohol becomes ABSOLUTE • Start to drink earlier in the day • There is no such thing as having a “few casuals” • The person starts to deny there is any type of problem • Becomes noticeable by family and friends • During this stage the drinker starts to blame others for his/her problems

Middle Stage of Alcoholism • Alcoholic behaviors in the middle stage of alcoholism: • • • Increasing physical problems More frequent blackouts Denial Increasing tolerance Drinking because of dependence rather than for stress relief Sporadic loss of control Blaming problems on others and on things external to themselves Sneaking extra drinks before social events Unsuccessful attempts to stop drinking Feelings of guilt and shame Chronic hangovers

Late Stage of Alcoholism • Alcoholics rapidly deteriorate mentally, emotionally, and physically • They can not do anything without alcohol • The drinker becomes isolated from society • Serious health problems can occur: • • • Malnutrition Liver and brain damage Cancer Lung disease Heart disease

Late Stage of Alcoholism • Once they start drinking their behavior can no longer be controlled • If they are denied alcohol they suffer from severe withdrawal symptoms • About 5% of alcoholics experience DT’s • Delirium Tremens(DT): reaction the CNS to the absence of alcohol • Symptoms: uncontrollable shaking of the entire body, nightmares, seizures, fear of animals and people and insomnia

Late Stage of Alcoholism • Alcoholic behaviors in the late stage of alcoholism: • Vague spiritual desires • Benders, or lengthy intoxications • Persistent remorse • Moral deterioration • The realization of being out of control • Indefinable fears • The possibility of alcoholic psychosis • Impaired thinking • The "DTs" • Devaluation of personal relationships • Loss of tolerance for alcohol • Unreasonable resentments and hostility toward others • "The shakes" • An obsession with drinking • Nameless fears and anxieties such as feelings of impending doom or destruction • Hallucination

United States alcoholism statistics show that individuals who start using alcohol before 15 the age of are four times more likely to become alcoholic (and exhibit alcoholic behavior) at some time in their lives, compared to those who start drinking at the legal age of 21.

Alcoholism and Others • Alcohol not only affects those involved in the drinking, but others as well • Who can be affected? • Friends, family, co-workers (to name a few)

Costs to Society • How does alcoholism cost our society money? • • • Alcohol related crimes Medical expenses Injuries Lost productivity on jobs Treatment programs (cost the US between 100 -200 Billion per year)

Codependency • Someone who assumes responsibility for an alcoholics needs, feelings and happiness • People stop caring about themselves and devote all their attention to the drinker • Codependents are the primary enablers of their addicted love ones • Enabler: people who unintentionally protect addicts from their consequences of their behavior • By not having consequences for their actions, the abuser will not stop these behaviors

Alcoholism and The Family • 1 in every 8 American grows up in an alcoholic family • These types of families grow up in environments filled with stress • The alcoholics can verbally or physically abuse family members • Most time the drinker gets all the attention in the family, ignoring needs of other family members

Alcoholism and The Family • Abusers no longer care about anything but their drinking problem • Money for groceries turns into money for beers • Electricity bills, medical bills are ignored • Being productive at work is no longer possible without alcohol • Families become embarrassed of the alcoholics • Even if the family separates themselves from the alcoholic problems can still occur • How Is this possible?

Treatment of Alcoholism • Just because at one point in your live you were an alcoholic does not mean your live is over • By admitting there is a problem and understanding that you need help, is the first step • When seeking help and stopping drinking completely alcoholics can go on to live good lives

Treatment of Alcoholism Detoxification • Before any treatment can be started the physical damage of alcohol must be treated • Next comes detoxification • Removing all alcohol from a persons body • During this phase, withdrawal symptoms can occur • Person may experience symptoms for 3 -7 days • Symptoms can be as minor as sweating or as serious as hallucination

Treatment of Alcoholism Rehabilitation • Once the person is sober and free of alcohol, care is given for malnutrition and other help problems that may of occurred • After detoxification the person is moved to a place where treatment for care and counseling is given • Rehabilitation occurs • Process of learning to cope with stress of everyday living without alcohol

Treatment of Alcoholism Support Groups • Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) composed of recovering alcoholics who give encouragement and support to help other alcoholics stop drinking

Treatment of Alcoholism Support Groups • Al-Anon helps adult friends and family of alcoholics learn how they can contribute to the recovery process • Alateen provides help for teenagers who live with alcoholics • Teens learn skills to develop self esteem so that they can overcome guilt feelings and regain emotional and social health

Treatment of Alcoholism Support Groups • The purpose of all 3 groups are to encourage friends and families to help alcoholics confront their problem through interventions • Planned confrontation with the alcoholic, family, a member of the support group and an alcoholic counselor • The group talks about a treatment plan with the alcoholic and what may happen if the drinker refuses

19 -4: Choosing not to Drink

Choosing not to Drink • The older you get the more responsibilities you receive • You have to start to accept responsibilities for your actions • When you reach the legal drinking age these decisions are even more crucial • Deciding not to drink, is the healthiest choice as it eliminates all problems that come with alcohol

Why People Choose Not to Drink • 1 in every 3 American adults abstain from alcohol • Why do some people not drink? • • Personal choice Religious beliefs Dislike the taste Medical conditions Positives of not using alcohol far outweigh the negatives Don’t want to become dependant Mentally and physically healthier • More and more teenagers are refraining from alcohol • Among high achieving students, 2/3 have never drank alcohol

Refusing Alcohol • Choosing not to drink means that you are able to say “no” confidently even with others drinking around you • Refusal Skills: skills used when refusing to do something that other may pressure you to do against your will

Refusing Alcohol • You will always find that others will give you a hard time for saying no, they will try and pressure you into making a decision you do not want to (peer pressure) • Refusal skills can help you say no to these types of situations • People will harass you for not drinking because they need those around them to drink , to feel accepted • Never feel sorry for saying no to drinking

Refusing Alcohol • You always have the choice to say no • When you do say no, stand up for your beliefs • Pay attention to your instincts, your gut feelings

Refusal Skills • There are many ways to say no to drinking • Make an excuse – “I’ll barf. ” “I have to get up in the morning. ” • Recruit an ally to help change the dynamics. • Blame their parents – “My Mom can smell this stuff a mile away and I’ll get grounded for months. ” • Come up with a better idea – “Nah, that doesn’t sound like much fun. Let’s go play video games at my house instead. ” • Leave – either quietly while no one notices or by making an excuse or joke out of it. “You guys are too crazy for me. . . see you later. ”

Dealing with Drinking and Driving • Never allow someone who is drinking to drive • Take their keys • Do whatever you have to do to make sure they don’t drive • If you are going somewhere were you know there will be alcohol make prior arrangements so that you assure your self a safe ride home • Assign a DD or do not hesitate to call your parents

Dealing with Drinking and Driving Means of transportation: • Viking Taxi • 617 -846 -6000 • Paul Revere Transportation • 617 -889 -5899 • Stops: Point Shirley, Winthrop Beach, Governor's Park, Winthrop Police Station, Orient Heights Station; other stops on request. • Fare: 45 cents • Hours: Monday through Friday, 5: 00 am to 1: 30 am; more limited service on weekends

Alternatives to Alcohol • There are many alternatives to alcohol • Do not let alcohol destroy your goals • Find a hobby or activity that interests you • • • Video games Sports Chess club Musical instrument Getting a job • Why waste your money on alcohol, when it can be spent on much more useful things