Albert Bandura n Born December 4 1925 n

Albert Bandura n Born: December 4, 1925 n Grew up in Alberta, Canada n High School had 20 people (2 were teachers) n B. A/Doctorate – University of Iowa n Took academic position at Stanford, still there today. n One of the most famous psychologist still alive

Social Cognitive Theory Notes

Structure n Reciprocal Determinism – 3 distinct personality factors – These three factors are interdependent, they need each others § Behavior § Environment § Cognition Behavior Environment

Structure EXAMPLE of THEORY: n How can a behavior change environment? – Hostile behavior: A person’s behavior can change the environment of hostility – Example: class attitudes

Process n Self-Efficacy: – Perception of how well we can function in a given situation – Great predictor for how well you will accomplish certain tasks – Efficacy runs through all process and all processes run through efficacy! 2 kinds of Expectations: (outcome of future)

Process 1. Efficacy Expectation: – Expectation of the probability of successfully completing a task – Task specific (self-esteem doesn’t predict, only self-efficacy does 2. Outcome Expectations: – Your expectations of the probability of a specific positive occurring if you successfully complete the task – What is the value of the task? – What you expect to have change when you complete something

Process n Dimensions of Efficacy: 1. Strength: how strong is your self-efficacy for something (in the face of failure, how strong are you in continuing on? ) 2. Magnitude: how far does your confidence or ability to accomplish a task go? (who are you better then? ) 3. Generality: think you can do one task well, so other similar tasks you might be able to do well also. (good at one thing, can you substitute a related activity and be good at that also? )

Development n Self-Regulation (of Behavior) – When you get to the “age of reason” – “Age of Reason” – regulate your own behavior 3 Processes: (not motivations) 1. Self-Observation 2. Judgmental 3. Self-Response

Development Self-Observation: § Regulate all behavior § We notice what we do 2. Attribution: n Explanation of why some event occurred n How you come up with an explanation will tell you how harshly you judge yourself. 1. § positive or negative Example: Bad Exam, why? - didn’t study, test is too hard, unfair, nervous, sick, someone else’s fault

Development 3. Self-Response: § § n Reward yourself or Punish yourself This is what directs your behavior These are Internal Rewards If: – Someone else’s fault: less need to punish ourselves – Our own fault: more need to punish ourselves Self – Contempt: § most things we do is to avoid self-contempt, that is hate ourselves.