ALARA IN THE DISMANTLING OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES 2008

ALARA IN THE DISMANTLING OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES 2008 ISOE EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM. FI 1

ALARA IN THE DISMANTLING OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES 2008 ISOE EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ALARA in the Dismantling of Nuclear Facilities Alejandro Rodríguez (ENRESA) 2008 ISOE EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM. FI 2

In 1984, the Spanish Parliament took the decision to create a public company to undertake the management of the radioactive wastes generated in Spain and the dismantling of nuclear power plants. As a result the Empresa Nacional de Residuos Radiactivos, S. A. (ENRESA) was set up. This is a public non profit-making company whose shareholders are the Centre for Energy-related, Environmental and Technological Research (CIEMAT) and the State Industrial Holding Company SEPI. The main missions of ENRESA may be summarized as follows: • Removal, transport, treatment, storage and disposal and control of the radioactive wastes generated in Spain. • • • Dismantling of disused nuclear and radioactive facilities. Environmental restoration of uranium mines. Research and development.

ALARA IN THE DISMANTLING OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES “Closing the circle” Feedback in ALARA Process PLANNING • ALARA Forecasting Feedback • Contractor/Performer OPERATING EXPERIENCE • RP&S Service SUBSEQUENT REVIEW PREPARATORY PHASE • Verification of Criteria • Lessons learned • Preliminary data • Comparison with Forecasts • Compilation of information • Specific training • ALARA Study • ALARA Group Meeting CONTROL in PERFORMANCE • Work Supervision • ALARA Group Meeting • Final ALARA Report • Radiological Surveillance • Dose evolution tracking • ALARA Group Meetings • Corrective actions 2008 ISOE EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM. FI 4

ALARA IN THE DISMANTLING OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES ENRESA ALARA ORGANISATION ALARA COMMISSION (Management Level) CHAIRMAN enresa TECHNICAL DIVISION OTHER DIVISIONS FUNCTIONS and RESPONSIBILITIES ALARA COMMISSION Management Level Director El Cabril Facility Director Vandellós NPP Installation Safety Department Decommissioning and Projects Department RP&S Serv. Manager RPTU Manager LMRW Department – Promotion of ALARA culture – Approval and backing for Objectives – Provision of resources – Meets twice at year – Reports to MANAGEMENT Committee Special Activities Department Implicit to the concept of ALARA is the need for strong support from the Management in its widest sense, as well as its direct participation in the Programme implemented. The Management is responsible for ensuring compliance with the requirements of the competent authority, and in so doing may delegate certain functions to its subordinates, acting via the hierarchical framework. 2008 ISOE EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM. FI 5

ALARA IN THE DISMANTLING OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES Spanish Decommissioning Experience Decommissioning of Uranium Mines & Mills • Andújar uranium mill, since March 1995 in Surveillance Period, with a minimum duration of 10 years • Works period: from 1991 to 1995 • Budget: 24 M€ • M 3 Restored: 361. 000 Initial situation Final situation 2008 ISOE EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM. FI 6

ALARA IN THE DISMANTLING OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES Spanish Decommissioning Experience Decommissioning of NPP´s: Vandellós-I Project • Works Period: from 1998 to 2003 • Budget: 94. 605. 769 € • Materials Involved: 300. 000 t • Radwastes: 2. 000 t 2008 ISOE EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM. FI 7

ALARA IN THE DISMANTLING OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES Spanish Decommissioning Experience Decommissioning of Research Facilities CIEMAT (Spanish Centre for Energy related, Environmental and Technological Research) * Research Reactor * Pilot Reprocessing Plant * Conditioning and Storage Plant for Liquid Waste * Dismantling works start in 2006 and will be completed by 2009 * Budget: 22. 145. 702 € * Material Involved: 7. 000 t * Radwastes: 460 t Research Reactor Liquid Radioactive Waste Storage Reprocessing Plant Liquid Radioactive Waste Conditioning Plant 2008 ISOE EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM. FI 8

ALARA IN THE DISMANTLING OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES Spanish Decommissioning Experience General Data • Reactor Type: PWR • Westinghouse One Loop • Gross Electrical Power: 160 MWe • Containment Type: Dry • Containment Construction: Reinforced Concrete with steel dome • Spent Fuel Pool: Inside Containment • Works Period Expected: from 2009 to 2015 • Budget: 135 M€ • Material Involved: 101. 031 t. • Radwastes: 4031 t. Decommissioning of NPP´s: Zorita Project 2008 ISOE EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM. FI 9

ALARA IN THE DISMANTLING OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES ALARA in Decommissioning The application of the ALARA principle and the Radiation Protection in decommissioning do not imply any significant novelty with respect to the way it is applied at other operating facilities. Although in practice several differences arise: • The organization should be adapted to the new objectives of the project. • The physical configuration of the facility is modified continuously: • - Loss of structural confinements (loss of isolation) - Modification of the systems (Effluents, radiation surveillance, etc) The radiological status of the facility is continuously modified, and the radiological risks too - Modification of the routes for personnel and materials - Variation of the control areas 2008 ISOE EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM. FI 10

ALARA IN THE DISMANTLING OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES Vandellós I NPP Decommissioning Case. Evolution of Radiological Controlled Areas 2008 ISOE EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM. FI 11

ALARA IN THE DISMANTLING OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES Vandellós I NPP Decommissioning Case. ALARA Organization (1) FUNCTIONS and RESPONSIBILITIES V 1 -NPP ALARA ORGANISATION Manager Vandellós-1 · Dose objective proposals (V 1 -NPP) · Periodically informed on: · practices, ALARA COMMITTEE · ALARA studies, and · Training Programmes, Managers ENG+PO+PERF Other Services and Areas RP&S Service Technical Manager ALARA COORDINATOR ALARA AREA ALARA Technician · Analysis of results obtained · Corrective actions · Reporting to ALARA Commission · Coordination V 1 -NPP Organisation · Approval of indicators · Participation and attendance in Training · Meets (4 times/year) 2008 ISOE EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM. FI 12

ALARA IN THE DISMANTLING OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES Vandellós I NPP Decommissioning Case. ALARA Organization (2) FUNCTIONS and RESPONSIBILITIES · Set up through meeting, · Proposals for improvements to be implemented, · Reports to V 1 -NPP Management, · Coordination of activities, · Analysis of specific activities and · Planning of specific tasks, · Performance of the following: · work tracking, and · results analysis, · Proposals for necessary improvements. 2008 ISOE EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM. FI 13

ALARA IN THE DISMANTLING OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES Vandellós I NPP Decommissioning Case. Criteria CRITERIA for identification of work subject to specific ALARA Tracking CONCEPT/CRITERION VALUE OBSERVATIONS 1. - Collective dose (m. Svm) 10 Total Per RWP 2. - Maximum individual dose (m. Sv) 2 Total Per RWP 3. - Dose Rate (m. Sv/h) 1 In Area 4. - Removal superficial contamination Work Zones 4. 1. - Beta-Gamma (Bq/cm 2) 200 Accessible 4. 2. - Alpha (Bq/cm 2) 20 Surfaces 5. - Air-borne contamination (LDCA) 10 6. - Zone Classification 7. - Duration of work (H-p) Red Zone 1. 200 Total Per RWP/WAR limited occupation zone 8. - On request by RP&S Service 2008 ISOE EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM. FI 14

ALARA IN THE DISMANTLING OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES Vandellós I NPP Decommissioning Case. Results ALARA Meetings during the project Year ALARA COMMITEE 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Total N/A 4 4 5 4 2 19 3 12 22 32 16 8 93 ALARA GROUP ALARA Meetings during the project • 30 Studies have been performed ALARA Dose • Total collective dose of the project 552, 95 m. m. Sv • Total collective dose of the dismantling activities 354, 67 m. m. Sv • Collective dose regulated under ALARA studies 261, 67 m. m. Sv The 74% of the dose of dismantling operations has been controlled under the ALARA studies 2008 ISOE EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM. FI 15

ALARA IN THE DISMANTLING OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES Vandellós I NPP Decommissioning Case. Results 2008 ISOE EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM. FI 16

ALARA IN THE DISMANTLING OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES Vandellós I NPP Decommissioning Case. Cumulated Collective Dose 700 603, 391 600 TOTAL PLANNED DOSE PDC 552, 152 TOTAL PDC (CONTRACTORS) TOTAL DOSE-DLD (CONTRACTORS+STAFF) 500 TOTAL DOSE-DLD (STAFF) 428, 200 400 354, 674 300 200 197, 478 TIME 2008 ISOE EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM. FI 2003 -T 4 2003 -T 3 2003 -T 2 2003 -T 1 2002 -T 4 2002 -T 3 2002 -T 2 2002 -T 1 2001 -T 4 2001 -T 3 2001 -T 2 2001 -T 1 2000 -T 4 2000 -T 3 2000 -T 2 2000 -T 1 1999 -T 4 1999 -T 3 1999 -T 2 1999 -T 1 1998 -T 4 1998 -T 3 0 1998 -T 2 100 1998 -T 1 man. m. Sv TOTAL DOSE-TLD 17

ALARA IN THE DISMANTLING OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES Vandellós I NPP Decommissioning Case. Lessons Learned • RP CONTROLS and STANDARDS • TRAINING and QUALIFICATION • STEPWISE CONFIGURATION AND DEPRESSURE SYSTEMS • VENTILATION • STAGES OF UNDRESSING • HERMETIC SEALING OF WORK AREAS • EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS FOR CONTINUOUS SURVEILLANCE • CONTROL BY BIOANALYSIS AND NASAL SMEARS 2008 ISOE EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM. FI 18

ALARA IN THE DISMANTLING OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES 2008 ISOE EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM. FI 19