Alaplapok Sima Dezs 2007 tavaszi flv Ver 2

Alaplapok Sima Dezső 2007 tavaszi félév (Ver. 2. 0) Sima Dezső, 2007

Felépítés • 1. Predecessors • 2. Desktop motherboards • 2. 1 Overview • 2. 2 AT • 2. 3 Baby AT • 2. 4 LPX • 2. 5 ATX • 2. 6 NLX • 2. 7 BTX • 3. Server/workstation motherboards • 4. Overview of the evolution of motherboards

1. Predecessors

1. Predecessors (1) AT Designation Type 5150 1 IBM/PC-XT IBM/PC-AT 2 5160 Mod. 087 4. 77 16 KB 3/83 8088 4. 77 128 KB 64 KB Soldered+DIPP no 5 1/4 no 5 - 256 KB DIPP no 5 1/4 360 K 10 MB 8 - 8. 5"*12" 216*305 5 1/4 1. 2 M - 2 6 12"*13. 8" 305*350 Type 1 MOB 360 K 20 MB 2 6 12"*13. 8" 305*350 Type 1 MOB 1/2 6 256 KB 512 KB DIPP no 5170 Mod. 099 8/84 80286 6 512 KB DIPP no 4 Mod. 339 IBM/PC XT-286 4 8088 5162 4 HD No. of ISA slots Motherboard size (standard) 8 -bit 16 -bit inches mm MB Chipset 80286 3 3 8/81 Mhz FD (standard) Size KB Memory Type 8/84 Mod. 319 2 Proc. type 5170 Mod. 068 Mod. 239 1 fc Memory size Min. Max. on-board Date of intro. Remarks 10/85 80286 6 512 KB DIPP no 3 720 K 30 MB 2 6 9. 3"*13. 8" 238*350 Type 2 MOB 4/86 80286 8 512 KB DIPP no 3 1/2 1. 44 M 30 MB 2 6 9. 3"*13. 8" 238*350 Type 2 MOB 4/86 80286 8 512 KB DIPP no 3 1/2 5 1/4 1. 44 M 30 MB 2 6 9. 3"*13. 8" 238*350 Type 2 MOB 5 8. 6"*13" 218*330 9/86 80286 6 640 KB DIPP+SIMM/30 no 1. 2 M 20 MB 3 BASIC compiler in PROM, up to two optional 5 1/4 FD with 160 KB/diskette, the max. on-board memory was increased to 256 KB in 3/83. Several further models followed with enhanced features. Baby AT 84 -Key keyboard. 101 -Key keyboard. Figure 1. 1: Main features of early IBM/PCs

1. Predecessors (2) ROM RAM 16 -64 kbyte or 64 -256 kbyte 5 x ISA/16 Casette Keyboard DMA vezérlő Parallel Intel 8088 I/O CPU PC 8087 arithm. proc. socket Figure 1. 2: The motherboard of the IBM PC Source: http: //www. tomh. net/museum/mobo/pccassif. html

1. Predecessors (3) Baby AT Figure 1. 3: Main features of early COMPAQ PCs

2. Main types of motherboards

2. Main types of motherboards 2. 1. Overview (1) AT 8/84 LPX 2 Enhanced version 1987 Chipsets ATX w/riser 5 NLX 4 11/96 12/99 Slim boxes Baby AT 1 ATX 3 Enhanced version ~1985 BTX 7 Efficient cooling 8/95 Value oriented micro. BTX 7 micro. ATX 6 1/98 Value oriented pico. BTX 7 9/03 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 1 Baby AT: Smaller board size through higher integrated components (chip sets) 2 Non-standardized slimline design with a central mounted riser card allowing 2 -3 expansion slots 3 Through better component arrangement reduced cost and EMI emission, integrated AGP (from version 2. 02 on) 4 Standardized, improved slimline design with an edge mounted riser card, integrated AGP 5 Low cost slimline ATX design by using a riser card with 2 -3 expansion slots 6 Reduced size low cost ATX design with up to four expansion slots In-line core layout to improve system cooling with scalable board dimensions 7 01 02 03 04 05 Figure 2. 1: Genealogy of major form factors

2. 1. Overview (2) PCI AT 8/84 LPX 2 ATX w/riser 5 NLX 4 1987 11/96 12/99 ATX 3 Baby AT ~1985 BTX 7 8/95 micro. BTX 7 micro. ATX 6 1/98 pico. BTX 7 9/03 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 Figure 2. 2: Introducing new types of system architectures 99 00 01 02 03 04 05

ISA EISA 8. 33 MHz 8/16 -bit 8. 33 MHz 32 -bit 1987 88 89 PCI v. 2. 11 33 MHz 32 -bit 64 -bit 90 91 92 93 33/66 MHz 32/64 -bit 94 Figure 2. 3: Introducing the PCI bus 1995

2. 1. Overview (2) PCI AT HUB architecture 8/84 LPX ATX w/riser NLX 1987 11/96 Baby AT 12/99 ATX ~1985 BTX 8/95 micro. BTX micro. ATX 1/98 pico. BTX 9/03 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 Figure 2. 2: Introducing new types of system architectures 99 00 01 02 03 04 05

PCI architecture HUB architecture P P System contr. MCH PCI Perif. contr. ICH ISA Figure 2. 4: Contrasting the PCI and the HUB architectures PCI

2. 1. Overview (3) SIMM/72 AT DIMM/168 8/84 LPX ATX w/riser NLX 1987 11/96 Baby AT 12/99 ATX ~1985 BTX 8/95 micro. BTX micro. ATX 1/98 pico. BTX 9/03 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 Figure 2. 5: Introducing new types of memory modules 00 01 02 03 04 05

2. 1. Overview (4) PCI AT ATA AGP USB LPC 8/84 LPX AC ‘ 97 ATX w/riser NLX 1987 11/96 Baby AT PCI-E SATA 12/99 ATX ~1985 BTX 8/95 micro. BTX micro. ATX 1/98 pico. BTX 9/03 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 Figure 2. 6: Introducing new types of buses 99 00 01 02 03 04 05

2. 1. Overview (5) Date of intro. AT Type of strandard Typ. nr. of I/O-slots 8/84 Quasi-standard 8 Baby AT ~1985 Quasi-standard LPX (Western Digital) ~1987 NLX Typical board measures (W*D) inches mm Case 12"*13. 8" 305*350 Full AT, Full Tower 7/8 8. 6"*13" (~9"-13") 218*330 (~229 -330) Baby AT Quasi-standard 3/4 9"*13" (~9"-13") 229*330 (~229 -330) Slimline 11/96 Standard 3/4 (8"-9")*(10"-13. 6") (203 -229)*(254 -345) Slimline ATX 8/95 Standard 7 12"*9. 6" (~7"-9. 6") 305*244 (~178 -244) ATX Micro. ATX 1/98 Standard 4 9. 6"*9. 6" 244*244 Micro. ATX with riser 12/99 Standard 2/3 12"*9. 6" (~7"-9. 6") 305*244 (~178 -244) Slimline Micro. ATX with riser 12/99 Standard 2/3 9. 6"*9. 6" 244*244 Slimline BTX 9/03 Standard 7 12. 8"*10. 5" 325*267 BTX Micro. BTX 9/03 Standard 4 10. 4"*10. 5" 264*267 Micro. BTX Pico. BTX 9/03 Standard 1 8"*10. 5" 203*267 Pico. BTX W: Maximum allowable width D: Maximum allowable depth Figure 2. 7: Salient features of major form factors

2. 2. AT (1) 8/16 -bit ISA slots 305 DIPP CPU (286) KBD PC 350 Figure 2. 8: Layout of an AT-motherboard

2. 2. AT (2) DRAM 512 Kbyte 2 x 8 bit/ 5 x 16 bit ISA 8087 arithm. proc. socket Keyboard PC Intel 8088 CPU Figure 2. 9: The motherboard of the IBM PC/AT Source: http: //library. thinkquest. org/18268/photos. htm

2. 2. AT (3) This is a Western Digital Disk Drive Interface Card. This is a Case Interface, both parallel and serial. Figure 2. 10: Adapter cards of the IBM PC/AT Source: http: //library. thinkquest. org/18268/photos. htm

2. 3. Baby AT (1) KBD Power connector. PC 244 SIMM/30 8/16 -bit ISA slots L 2 cache DIPP CPU (386) 218 Figure 2. 11: Layout of an early Baby AT-motherboard

2. 3. Baby AT (2) KBD FD HD 230 PC PCI/32 slots SIMM/72 ISA/16 slots CPU (Pentium) L 2 cache 218 Figure 2. 12: Layout of a late Baby AT-motherboard

2. 3. Baby AT (3) 3 x PCI/32 PC System contr. 4 x SIMM/72 3 x ISA/16 FD L 2 CPU Periph. contr. IDE Figure 2. 13: Example: A Pentium-based late Baby AT-motherboard

2. 4. LPX (1) PCI/32 ISA/16 I/O connector s PC 330 Riser card HD FD RAM SIMM/72 CPU m Pentiu DIPP L 2 cache 229 Figure 2. 14: Layout of an LPX-motherboard

2. 4. LPX (2) Figure 2. 15: Example: A Pentium-based LPX-motherboard (The PB 680 from Packard Bell) source: http: //www. geocities. com/anotherpackardbellsite/en_pb_carte 680. htm#1

2. 5. ATX (1) 1 � Double-high expandable I/O Figure 2. 16: Layout principles of an ATX case Source: ATX Specification v. 2. 01, Source: http: //www. berkprod. com/docs/atx_201. pdf

MIDI/Game port USB VGA Line Out COM 1 Line In Mic In Figure 2. 17: Double height connectors of an ATX motherboard Source: ABIT SL 6 Users’s Manual http: //www. abit. com. tw PS/2 Mouse PS/2 Keyb.

2. 5. ATX (1) 1 � Double-high expandable I/O 2 � One chassis fan 3 �Processor located near power supply 7 �Six full-length slots 4 �One power connector 5 Connectors close to peripheral bays 6� Easy to access system memory Figure 2. 18: Layout principles of an ATX case Source: ATX Specification v. 2. 01, Source: http: //www. berkprod. com/docs/atx_201. pdf

2. 5. ATX (2) ATX Baby AT AT Figure 2. 19: Placement of the mounting holes on the AT, Baby AT, and ATX motherboards Source: ATX Specification v. 2. 01, Source: http: //www. berkprod. com/docs/atx_201. pdf

2. 5. ATX (3) Main types of ATX motherboards Early PCI-based Late PCI-based Early port-based Mature port-based Serial port-based Chipset 430 440 81 x/82 x 84 x/86 x 915 Processor Pentium. II/ Pentium. III (slot 1) Pentium. III Pentium 4 Prescott Typ. Memory I/O SIMM/72 DIMM/168 IDE/ATA USB AGP PCI-E Example

2. 5. ATX (4) Early port based Serial port based Mature port based Late PCI based AT 8/84 LPX 2 1987 11/96 Baby AT 1 85 12/99 ATX 3 ~1985 84 ATX w/riser 5 NLX 4 8/95 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 Figure 2. 20: Main types of ATX motherboards 00 01 02 03 04 05

2. 5. ATX (5) USB I/O connector PC PC 186 Slot 1 (Pentium II/III) PCI/32 AGP DIMM/168 ISA/16 HD FD 305 Figure 2. 21: Layout of a late PCI-based ATX-motherboard

2. 5. ATX (6) 3 x ISA/16 4 x PCI/32 AGP ATX connectors CPU (Slot 1) System contr. PC 4 x DIMM/168 BIOS Peripherial contr. Battery FD IDE Figure 2. 22: A late PCI-based motherboard for Pentium. IIs (MSI’s MS-6111) (Based on Intel’s 440 LX chipset for slot 1 processors (1997) Source: http: //www. msi. com. tw/program/support/download

2. 5. ATX (7) USB I/O connector CPU (Pentium III) PC PC 186 PCI/32 AGP DIMM/168 ISA/16 HD FD 305 Figure 2. 23: Layout of an early port based ATX-motherboard for Pentium III/Pentium 4 processors.

2. 5. ATX (8) CNR 5 x PCI/32 ATX connectors AGP PC MCH CPU Battery 3 x DIMM BIOS ICH IDE FD Figure 2. 24: Early, port based ATX motherboard for Pentium IIIs (Abit’s SL 6) (based on Intel’s 815 chipset) Source: http: //www. abit-usa. com/products/mb

2. 5. ATX (9) 4 x PCI/32 AGP ATX connectors Battery CPU (P 4) BIOS 4 x DIMM/168 ICH FD MCH PC IDE Fgure 2. 25: Mature port-based ATX motherboard for Pentium 4 processors (Intel’s D 865 PERL) Source: http: //www. intel. com/products/motherboard/d 865 perl/index. htm

2. 5. ATX (10) I/O connector PCI E. x 1 244 PCI/32 CPU (Pentium 4) PCI E. x 16 HD DIMM/168 SATA PC FD 305 Figure 2. 26: Layout of a serial-port based ATX-motherboard for Pentium 4 Prescott processors.

2. 5. ATX (11) PCI Ex 16 BIOS 2 x PCI Ex 1 MCH (915 P/G) 3 x PCI/32 P 4 Prescott Bat IDE RAID c. (VIA 6410) IHC 6/6 R 4 x DIMM 2 x USB Syst. monitoring 2 x. IDE 4 x SATA IDE PS FD Figure 2. 27: Serial port-based ATX-motherboard for Pentium 4 Prescotts (MSI’s 915 G Combo) http: //www. pricegrabber. com/search_getprod. php/masterid=3191326

2. 6. NLX (1) PCI/32 HD FD I/O connectors PC ISA/16 AGP Riser card 330 Slot 1 (Pentium II/III) SIMM/168 229 Figure 2. 28: Layout of an NLX-motherboard

2. 6. NLX (2) Figure 2. 29: View of an NLX-motherboard Source: Intel Corporation, Intel NLX Form Factor http: //www. intel. com

2. 7. BTX (1) Figure 2. 30: Overview of BTX-motherboard sizes Source: Shimpi A. L. , „Balanced Technology e. Xtended (BTX) Form Factor” Sept. 2003 http: //www. anandtech. com/

2. 7. BTX (2) I/O connector PCI E. x 1 H IC SATA HD PCI/32 267 PCI E. x 16 MCH FD DIPP/168 CPU (Pentium 4) PC 325 Figure 2. 31: Layout of a micro BTX-motherboard

2. 7. BTX (3) ATX connectors PC PCI-X/64 ICH PCI IDE 4 x DIMM/168 MCH FD CPU Figure 2. 32: A micro BTX-motherboard (Intel’s D 915 GMH) http: //www. intel. com/design/motherbd/mh

2. 7. BTX (4) Figure 2. 33: Temperature distribution in the example motherboard Source: Shimpi A. L. , „Balanced Technology e. Xtended (BTX) Form Factor” Sept. 2003 http: //www. anandtech. com/

3. Server/workstation motherboards

3. Server/workstation motherboards (1) Figure 3. 1: Block diagram of a pserial port-based entry level server motherboard ( P 8 SCT) Source: http: //www. supermicro. com/products/motherboard/P 4/E 7221/P 8 SCT. cfm

3. Server/workstation motherboards (2) IDE PCI-X 64 bit 4 x DIMM 2 x Gb. E ATX connectors PCI MCH E 7221 ICH IPMI CPU IDE Figure 3. 2: Example: A P 4 -based ATX-board for entry-level servers (The P 8 SCT from Supermicro) Source: http: //www. supermicro. com/products/motherboard/P 4/E 7221/P 8 SCT. cfm

3. Server/workstation motherboards (3) IPMI: Intelligent Platform Management Interface (Intel, HP, DELL, NEC) • Set of common hardware and firmware interfaces to manage the system remotely • Operates independently of the OS • Operates even in the absence of the OS or if the monitored system is not powered on • Alerts can be sent out via a serial or LAN connection to a remote client (from v. 1. 5 on) • It allows to query platform status, to review hardware logs, etc. IPMI consists of a main controller, called BMC (Baseboard Management Controller) and other satellite controllers.

3. Server/workstation motherboards (4) Remote Mgmt. Card MODEM / Serial LAN ICMB Bridge Controller “sideband” Mgmt Netwk Ctrlr RS-232 Baseboard SMBus/PCI Mgmt. Bus Mgmt. Controller I 2 C/SMBus (BMC) PCI Baseboard Satellite Mgmt. Controller IPMB (I 2 C) SENSORs & control circuitry NV Store SDR, SEL, FRU System Interface System Bus IPMI Messages Figure 3. 2: IPMI Architecture Source: http: //www. intel. com/design/servers/ipmi sensors & control circuitry I 2 C / SMBus Aux. IPMB FRU SEEPROM Chassis

3. Server/workstation motherboards (5) Figure 3. 3: Blockdiagram of a serial port based DP-server (Intel’s SE 7525 GP 2) Source: http: //www. intel. com/products/server/motherboard

3. Server/workstation motherboards (6) ICH HW management PCI-X 64 -bit IDE PRO/1000 server adapter PCI Expr. x 8 PCI Expr. x 16 MCH (I 7525) Registered ECC DDR Dual Processor ATX connectors Figure 3. 4: Serial port based DP-server board of ATX style (Intel’s SE 7525 GP 2) Source: http: //www. intel. com/products/server/motherboard

4. Overview of the evolution of motherboards

4. Overview of the evolution of motherboards (1) On card 1 On-board 2 By the chipset Examples: VGA controller IDE/ATA controller 1 2 On an ISA/PCI adapter card By dedicated controller chips on the motherboard Figure 4. 1: Evolution of the implementation of I/O controllers

4. Overview of the evolution of motherboards (2) ATX w/riser ~2000 NLX ~1997 Form factors of announced motherboards LPX ~1987 AT ATX 8/84 ~1996 Baby AT ~1985 micro. ATX ~1998 BTX micro. BTX pico. BTX ˇ~2004 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 Figure 4. 2: Estimated use of form factors in announced motherboards 03 04 05

4. Overview of the evolution of motherboards (3) Figure 4. 3: Estimated use of supported processor types in announced motherboards

4. Overview of the evolution of motherboards (4) Figure 4. 4: Estimated use of DRAM technology and packaging style in announced motherboards

4. Overview of the evolution of motherboards (5) Figure 4. 5: Estimated I/O-support in announced motherboards