Akhyata in Traditional Marathi Grammar Sushant Devlekar CFILT

Outline • • Definition History Damale’s Treatment to verb Classification of Akhyata Tables of

Definition Akhyata : It is a group of suffixes. These suffixes are terminating and

History • The previous grammarians like Dadoba Panduranga were giving only verb forms, without

History contd. • They ignored usages where the same form shows more than one

Damale’s Treatment to Verbs • It systematically segments the verb forms in to verb

Classification of suffixes Suffixes Agree with number. Closing Agree with person Akhyata 23 November

Classification of Akhyata • On the basis of different forms which are used in

Classification contd. • On the basis of inflection for gender – salinga : agrees

Salient Features • Considers actual data • Analyses segments of verb forms systematically. •

Limitations • Many suffixes have become out of date. e. g. तय , तयस

Gauna dhatu • Gauna dhatu: verb roots of those verb forms in which the

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Akhyata in Traditional Marathi Grammar Sushant Devlekar CFILT sushant@cse. iitb. ac. in 23 November 2004 1

Outline • • Definition History Damale’s Treatment to verb Classification of Akhyata Tables of Akhyata Salient Features Limitations 23 November 2004 2

Definition Akhyata : It is a group of suffixes. These suffixes are terminating and they agree with person. Akhyata attaches to a verb root to form a verb form. e. g. कर + त verb root + Akhyata = करत = verb form The term and concept of Akhyata is borrowed from Sanskrit grammar. 23 November 2004 3

History • The previous grammarians like Dadoba Panduranga were giving only verb forms, without a systematic segmentation. e. g. �� त बसत , खळत etc. , • They assumed a one-to-one mapping from form to tense. e. g. �� त : present tense 23 November 2004 4

History contd. • They ignored usages where the same form shows more than one tense. e. g. म करत )I do. ( म नतर करत (I will do it later. ) 23 November 2004 5

Damale’s Treatment to Verbs • It systematically segments the verb forms in to verb root and suffixes. • It groups the suffixes according to their usage in different person, number and gender. • It names the groups of suffixes according to the phoneme they contain. e. g. takhyata, vakhyata, lakhyata etc. • It gives priority to form rather than meaning. 23 November 2004 6

Classification of suffixes Suffixes Agree with number. Closing Agree with person Akhyata 23 November 2004 Does not agree with person Vibhakti Does not agree with number. Non closing Attaches to verb root Attaches to noun/adjective root 7

Classification of Akhyata • On the basis of different forms which are used in different persons, and number – There are seven groups namely Prathama takhyata Dvitiya takhyata Lakhyata Vakyata/ avakhyata I-akhyata U-akhyata Ilakytata 23 November 2004 8

Classification contd. • On the basis of inflection for gender – salinga : agrees with gender. – alinga : does not agree with gender • Prathama takhyata, Dvitiya takhyata, Lakhyata and vakyata/ avakhyata are salinga • I-akhyata, U-akhyata, Ilakytata are alinga 23 November 2004 9

Salient Features • Considers actual data • Analyses segments of verb forms systematically. • Interprets all different meanings of a single form. 23 November 2004 24

Limitations • Many suffixes have become out of date. e. g. तय , तयस • Chakhyata(च खय त , त स ) is not mentioned. • Determination of akhyata of gauna dhatu(ग ण ध त ( 23 November 2004 25

Gauna dhatu • Gauna dhatu: verb roots of those verb forms in which the segmentation of verb roots and suffixes is no clear cut. • आह , न ह नय , ह त , नवहत , प ह ज , हव , नक , are verb forms of Gauna dhatu • They all agree with person and number • Damale has tried to segment them, but his efforts are not satisfactory. 23 November 2004 28

Thank You 23 November 2004 30