Aircraft Unit Load Devices 2016 05 10 Part

航空器介紹及航空器 集裝設備 Aircraft & Unit Load Devices 徐渝生 2016. 05. 10

Part two Unit Load Device

IATA Unit Load Device Panel IATA Airports, Passenger, Cargo and Security Division (APCS) Cargo Programs Unit Load Device Panel(ULDP)

IATA Unit Load Device Panel IATA Unit Load Device PANEL(ULDP) o Improving ULD management--- The ULD Management module provides asset management and tracking capabilities for ULDs including containers and pallets o Publish IATA ULD regulation-- The foundation for improved aircraft operations and safety.

IATA IULDUG (Interline ULD Control User Group)

航空器載具認證 Certification of ULD 在一般情況下不論是貨櫃, 貨盤及其附網都必須在製 造地獲得當地國家有關主管機構給予的[適航性]認 証的核准. 目前可以據以核發認証的標準有 2~3種: 1. FAA (USA Federal Aviation Administration) - Technical Standards Order (TSO) --C 90 c and 2. EASA(European Aviation Safety Agency) -- ETSO C 90 c, and, 3. NAS 3610(Aerospace Industries Association--National Aerospace Standard)

ULD type---Prefix 前綴型類別 Position 1 letter identifies ULD category (certification認証, ULD type類型, thermal units 受熱度). Position 2 letter identifies standard base dimensions. 底面積 Position 3 letter identifies contour外形, forklift holes叉孔, and other miscellaneous information雜訊.

Specifications of aircraft DC 10 -30 Freighter Types of Containers: Main Deck Pallet, LD-7, P 9 A, LD-11, LD-3 Total Cargo Capacity: 73, 182 kg Total Cargo Volume: 452 m 3 / 15, 972 ft 3 Main Deck Cargo Door: (w x h)350 cm x 255 cm / 140 in x 102 in Lower Forward Cargo Door: (w x h)175 cm x 165 cm / 70 in x 66 in Lower Rear Cargo Door: (w x h)175 cm x 165 cm / 70 in x 66 in

Specifications of aircraft B 747 (400 Series) lower deck Types of Containers: LD-7, P 9 A, LD-11, LD-3 Total Cargo Capacity: 53, 091 kg / 116, 800 lb Total Cargo Volume: 159 m 3 / 5, 634 ft 3 Bulk Cargo Door Dimensions: (w x h)111 cm x 119 cm / 44 in x 47 in

Specifications of aircraft

Specifications of aircraft B 777 lower deck Types of Containers: LD-7, LD-8, LD-4, LD-3, LD-2 Total Cargo Capacity: 54, 685 kg / 120, 306 lb Total Cargo Volume: 160 m 3 / 5, 720 ft 3 Bulk Cargo Door Dimensions: (w x h)90 cm x 114 cm (left) x 122 cm (right) / 35. 7 in x 45. 3 in (left) x 48. 5 in (right)

Specifications of aircraft A 340 -200 lower deck Types of Containers: LD-7, PAP LD-11, LD-3 Total Cargo Volume: 162 m 3 / 5, 750 ft 3 Maximum structural payload: 30, 800 kg (67, 900 lb)

Specifications of aircraft A 380 lower deck Types of Containers: LD-7, PAP, LD-11, LD-3, Total Cargo Capacity: 54, 685 kg / 120, 306 lb Total Cargo Volume: 184 m 3 / 6, 500 ft 3 A 380 F------- 1, 134 m 3/40, 000 ft 3 Maximum structural payload: 89, 200 kg (196, 700 lb) A 380 F----149, 800 kg (330, 300 lb)

Max. TOW

The Concept of Payload/volume limitations 1. It has established that there is a maximum payload for each aircraft. The aircraft manufacturer established additional weight restrictions for each hold and/or compartment in the aircraft. 2. The volume which can be occupied by the payload in a hold or compartment is finite and depends on the internal dimensions of the aircraft. This volume represents another limitation to the carriage of cargo or baggage.

The Concept of Payload 1. Payload 酬載(有效载荷)---飛行時所負荷之重量，除了維持運作之基本系統外， 其餘之荷重稱為酬載。酬載大約包含有乘客、貨物、 郵件…等 。 2. Maximum payload 最大容許酬載載重量 3. Maximum weight of each hold or compartment 最大容許重量 4. Maximum weight of a piece of cargo may vary from Airlines to airlines

Physical acceptance When confronted with a piece of cargo, it must first be determined whether it exceeds the maximum floor loading for that compartment. In order to do this, the following facts must be available: 1. Weight of the piece 2. Dimensions 3. Maximum floor loading limitation for compartment The contact areas of the piece with the compartment floor must be determined. -26 -

B 777 Main Deck Loading Charts Maximum size of package for Main deck loading 1. Start with the width of your package, find the right column. These are maxima. 2. Find the height of your package in the correct row. 3. The selected column number represent the maximum length. -27 - (table in CM)

The B 777 lower deck compartment The B 777 is a wide body, medium to long range aircraft which can carry up to 14 tonnes of cargo and mail. The aircraft has 3 holds(4 compartments in forward and centre hold of which are designed to carry unit load devices), with the compartmen five (rear hold) available for bulk loaded cargo and mail. Also see page 35 for ref.

航空器 (CARGO AIRCRAFT) B 747 -400 F Lower forward door W-104 inx. H-66 in main deck side cargo door W-134 x. H-123 in Lower afterward door W-104 inx. H-66 in nose door W-104 inx. H-98 in. Rear door 44 x 47 in for bulk loaded cargo

航空器裝載限制 Floor Loading Limitations The floor of each aircraft type is designed to support a specific weight per m 2 or square foot. If this limit exceeded, costly damage to the floor even to the aircraft structure itself could result. For this reason, aircraft will be loaded so that –--- floor loading limits are not exceeded, or –--- sufficient spreaders usually the spreaders (wooden supporter) are obtained if the floor loading limit would be exceeded.

航空器裝載限制 Air Cargo Floor Bearing Weight Aircraft manufacturers have established maximum floor bearing weights to ensure that floors are not damaged by small heavy pieces and/or shipments with feet. *B 737 Floor bearing weight: 150 lbs. per sq. ft. *

ULD Loading

B 747 -400 F internal contours (main deck)

B 747 -400 F internal contours (main deck)

A 350 internal contours (lower deck)

Pallet 貨盤簡介 Nordisk Aviation Products Technical Specifications IATA PMC NAS 3610 class 2 M 3 P Nordisk P/N 11600 M() Base size 2438 x 3175 mm 96 x 125 in Tare Weight (3. 3 mm) 91 kg 201 lb Tare Weight (4. 0 mm) 102 kg 225 lb

Heavy Duty pallets 貨盤簡介 PGA-HD(20 FT Pallet) , PMC-HD, PRA(16 FT Pallet) -39 -

Heavy Duty pallets 貨盤簡介 PGA-HD -40 -

貨櫃簡介 Cool Container -43 -

貨櫃簡介 Horse Stall Container -44 - MAY BE LOADED ON: MD of B 747, B 777, A 330, A 340,

貨櫃簡介 Horse Stall Container -45 - MAY BE LOADED ON: MD of B 747, B 777, A 330, A 340,

貨櫃簡介 LD 3 AKE Container Max Gross Weight: : 3, 500 lbs / 1, 587 kgs Tare Weight: 200 lbs / 90 kgs Dimensions: : 60. 4 W. x 61. 5 L. x 64 H. Internal Volume: 153 Cubic Feet -46 - MAY BE LOADED ON: roll-up door A-300 A 330 A 380 B 747, B 777….

Non Certified Container LD 2 DPE貨櫃 -47 - MAY BE LOADED ON: B 767, B 747, B 777

ULD Loading

航空器裝載限制 Physical acceptance of ULD’s The same factors restricting the acceptance of bulk cargo or having an impact on its routing (weight, dimensions, floor bearing) also apply to the case of unit load devices. 1. There may be some additional carrier restrictions. 2. The contour of pallets must correspond to the shape restriction of the aircraft used on the routing. 3. The maximum gross weigh of ULD’s may be different from one carrier to another.

ULD Limitations 1. Weight: 受限於結構承載----All ULD’s have structural limitations which determine the maximum acceptable weight. The floor load limitations of the aircraft may limit the maximum gross weight of the ULD. The weights of ULD are maximum gross weights (including the units tare weight) for some pallets and containers. For example, Main deck pallet/container PAP or AMA 88 x 125 in Max. G/W 6804 kgs Lower deck container AKE 60. 5 x 61. 5 x 64 in Max. G/W 1588 kgs

ULD Limitations 2. Volume/dimensions: 受限飛機內廓及ULD內廓-- To obtain the approximative loadable volume of the container must be reduced by 10% For example, Lower deck container AKE Max. G/W: 1588 kgs internal volume: 4. 20 m 3 approximative loadable volume: 4. 20 m 3 -0. 42 m 3=3. 78 m 3

ULD Limitations 3. Floor Bearing: o ULD放置其重量不得超過地板可承載的最大重量 限制---Maximum loading densities for the floor of containers must not be exceeded. Similarly, the floor loading limitations of pallets and bases of containers vary considerably depending on the type of equipment used. o 平均分散載重---When the established maximum floor loading limits is exceeded, the items of cargo concerned must loaded onto spreaders (wooden boards) to distribute the weight over a greater area of the pallet or container floor.

1. 影响飛安之主要人为因素 (The main human Aircraft maintenance & operation factors) 航空器维修/操作 2. flight attitude 飛行姿態 3. Cargo loading & unloading貨物裝卸 4. Weight and balance載重平衡 5. Luggage security行李安檢 6. Wet cargoes and dangerous goods handling 湿货, 危險品處理

國際航空物流發展趨勢 o 全球趋势 Global Trends* n ----綠色環保(Go Green)—high fuel price ( 生產者要求協力廠商致力於環保方案及對策) n ----供应链模式 (transform a traditional linear supply chain into a collaborative network of business partners) n —--Distribution Center in Asian n ----端到端 (E 2 E) n ----可选择解决方案（多式联运 Multimodal） n ----世界 場的部份產業由中国南移

Q&A