Aircraft Motion and Control Aircraft Motion and Control

Aircraft Motion and Control

Aircraft Motion and Control Each major part of an aircraft plays a critical part in its Motion: a change in position Control: an instrument or part that regulates or guides a machine or vehicle

Aircraft Motion and Control

Aircraft Motion and Control Fuselage: the basic structure of an aircraft to which all other parts are attached It is a long, hollow tube that holds the pieces of the airplane together, and holds passengers and freight/cargo as well

Aircraft Motion and Control Fuselages vary in shape to fit the mission Aircraft rotates around center of gravity inside the fuselage

Aircraft Motion and Control

Aircraft Motion and Control Wings: the major part of the aircraft responsible for generating lift

Aircraft Motion and Control Wing position depends on aircraft’s mission Main internal parts are spars, ribs and stringers Fuel tanks usually part of wing

Aircraft Motion and Control Dihedral angles give aircraft roll stability and level flight; the wings are higher that its horizontal – Large commercial airliner wings have dihedral angles Fighter aircraft have anhedral angles; the wings are lower than its horizontal and have greater roll capability

Aircraft Motion and Control

Aircraft Motion and Control Ailerons: Controls the right and left banking movement of that aircraft Located on the trailing edges of wings

Aircraft Motion and Control Ailerons: If the aileron is flipped up on a wing, the lift on the wing is decreased = the wing goes down If the aileron is deflected down on a wing, the lift on that wing is increased = the wing goes up

Aircraft Motion and Control Flap is hinged device at wing’s trailing edge that produces more lift & some drag Spoiler is small, flat plate that attaches the tops of wings; it increases drag Slat is moveable, hinged parts that pivot down to generate more lift force

Aircraft Motion and Control

Aircraft Motion and Control Flaps: Responsible for increasing lift and drag Used for takeoffs and landings at low speeds

Aircraft Motion and Control

Aircraft Motion and Control Stabilizers keep aircraft stable so it can maintain a straight flight path Vertical stabilizer prevents the nose of plane from roving side to size Horizontal stabilizer keeps plane from bobbing up and down

Aircraft Motion and Control Empennage: Tail assembly of the aircraft Main parts are the elevator and rudder

Aircraft Motion and Control The elevator

Aircraft Motion and Control Elevator: Responsible for the up and down movement of the aircraft’s nose and tail Mounted to the tail section of the plane Horizontal stabilizer helps control the pitch

Aircraft Motion and Control The rudder Push left rudder pedal and the plane turns left Push right rudder pedal and the plane turns right

Aircraft Motion and Control Rudder: Responsible for aircraft’s change of direction to the right and left sides Vertical stabilizer helps control the yaw

Aircraft Motion and Control

Aircraft Motion and Control Engines: responsible for the aircraft’s power; generates thrust

Aircraft Motion and Control REVIEW: 1. Each major part of the aircraft plays a critical part in what operations of the aircraft: a. Lift and drag b. Motion and control c. Drag and motion d. Control and lift a. Control and lift 2. An instrument or part that regulates or guides the aircraft a. Motion b. Aerodynamics b. Avionics c. Control

Aircraft Motion and Control REVIEW: 3. This wing angle gives aircraft the greatest roll capability; fighter aircraft have this type of wing angle a. Dihedral b. Anhedral 4. Controls the up and down movement of the airplane a. Aileron b. Rudder c. Elevator

Aircraft Motion and Control REVIEW: 5. Controls the left and right movements of the aircraft a. Ailerons b. Rudder c. Flaps d. Elevator 6. Responsible for increasing lift and drag a. Ailerons c. Flaps b. Rudder d. Elevator

Aircraft Motion and Control REVIEW: 7. A small flat plate attached to top of wing that increases drag by interrupting the air flow a. Spoiler b. Slat 8. A movable hinged part that pivots down to generate more lift a. Spoiler b. Slat

Aircraft Motion and Control REVIEW: 9. This stabilizer keeps the plane from bobbing up and down: a. Vertical stabilizer b. Horizontal stabilizer 10. This stabilizer prevents the nose of the plane from roving from side to side a. Vertical stabilizer b. Horizontal stabilizer

Aircraft Motion and Control REVIEW ANSWERS: 1. Motion and control 3. Anhedral 5. Rudder 7. Spoiler 9. Horizontal stabilizer 2. Control 4. Elevator 6. Flaps 8. Slat 10. Vertical stabilizer

Aircraft Motion and Control Reviewed some key control parts What are some of the primary motions these parts control?

Aircraft Motion and Control Aircraft motion Rolls/banks left and right Pitches up and down Yaws side to side

Aircraft Motion and Control Aircraft motion Rolls/banks left and right Pitches up and down Yaws side to side

Aircraft Motion and Control Longitudinal/Roll Axis • Runs from the tip of the nose to the tip of the tail • Can be thought of as a skewer which rolls/turns either right or left and causes everything attached to it to turn.

Aircraft Motion and Control Motion: rolls/banks right and left Control: ailerons

Aircraft Motion and Control Aileron and wing motion that makes the roll/bank movement To make a wing move upward, the aileron on that wing must move downward. To make a wing move downward, the aileron on that wing must move upward While the one wing is moving up or down the other wing is moving in the opposite direction due to the deflection of its aileron.

Aircraft Motion and Control Lateral/Pitch Axis An imaginary rod, running from one wing tip through the fuselage and exiting the other wing tip, forms an airplane’s lateral axis. Pitches the nose of the aircraft up and down

Aircraft Motion and Control Motion: pitches the nose up and down Control: elevator

Aircraft Motion and Control

Aircraft Motion and Control Elevator and pilot control column/stick controls up and down movement When the pilot’s control column is pulled backward, the elevator goes up, the nose goes up, the tail goes down When the pilot’s control column is pushed downward, the elevator goes down, the nose goes down, the tail goes up

Aircraft Motion and Control Vertical/Yaw Axis An imaginary rod or axis which passes through the meeting point of the longitudinal and lateral axes. Makes a yaw movement, from side to side

Aircraft Motion and Control Motion: side to side Control: rudder

Aircraft Motion and Control

Aircraft Motion and Control The rudder controls the side to side movement The rudder moves in the direction of the rudder pedal that is being pressed

Aircraft Motion and Control Aircraft motion How aircraft motion is controlled

Aircraft Motion and Control Aircraft motion Three axes of rotation Banks/rolls, pitch, yaw

Aircraft Motion and Control How aircraft motion is controlled Aileron Elevator Rudder

Aircraft Motion and Control Aircraft have primary and secondary control systems Rudders, elevators, and ailerons are primary control surfaces, they control the primary aircraft movements: rolls, pitch, yaw Flaps, slats, and spoilers are secondary control systems, they let the pilot maintain more control over aircraft’s performance in regards to lift and drag

Aircraft Motion and Control Review: 1. This axis of rotation allows the plane to go up and down a. Roll b. Pitch c. Yaw 2. This axis of rotation allows the plane to move from left to right: a. Roll b. Pitch c. Yaw 3. This axis of rotation allows the plane to bank right and left in varying degrees: a. Roll b. Pitch c. Yaw

Aircraft Motion and Control Review: 4. The pitch axis is controlled by the: a. Rudder b. Elevator c. Aileron 5. The roll axis is controlled by the: a. Rudder b. Elevator c. Aileron 6. The yaw axis is controlled by the: a. Rudder b. Elevator c. Aileon

Aircraft Motion and Control Review Answers: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Pitch Yaw Roll Elevator Aileron Rudder

Aircraft Motion and Control Parts

Aircraft Motion and Control Primary aircraft parts: Fuselage Wings Dihedral angle Anhidral angle Engine Tail section Empennage: elevators and rudder Stabilizers: vertical and horizontal

Aircraft Motion and Control

Aircraft Motion and Control The primary aircraft motions are Side to side movement Banking movements Up and down movements Aircraft motion is controlled by the primary control parts: Aileron Elevator Rudder Lift and drag are controlled by secondary parts: Flaps Slats Spoilers