Aircraft Control Surfaces and Components Aircraft Components and
- Slides: 42
Aircraft Control Surfaces and Components
Aircraft Components and Control • Aircraft range from simple home-built machines to complex fighter jets • All aircraft have common structural and control components that allow for controlled flight
Aircraft Components Five typical components Empennage Wing Fuselage Power Plant Landing Gear
Aircraft Components Empennage Vertical Stabilizer Rudder Horizontal Stabilizer Elevator Flaps Cockpit Aileron Fuselage Power Plant Wing
Aircraft Components Rudder (No vertical stabilizer) Empennage Elevator (No horizontal stabilizer) Cockpit Power Plant Fuselage Wing (No ailerons or flaps)
Fuselage
Wing Ribs Spar Wing Strut
High Wing
Mid Wing
Low Wing
Multiple Wings – Biplane
Canard Wings
Winglet
Empennage and Wing Components Vertical Stabilizer Rudder Flaps Ailerons Elevator Horizontal Stabilizer
Empennage Vertical Stabilizer Horizontal Stabilizer Elevator Trim Tab Rudder
Twin Vertical Stabilizers
Triple Vertical Stabilizers
V Tail
Powerplant – Tractor Engine Propeller
Powerplant – Pusher Engine Propeller
Powerplant – Variable Direction
Landing Gear – Oleo Strut Brakes Tire Axle Rim
Landing Gear – Floats
Conventional Gear – Tail-Dragger Main Gear (2 wheels) Tail Wheel
Tricycle Gear Nose Wheel Main Gear (2 wheels)
Specialized Landing Gear Rough Field Soft Field
Aircraft Size Lockheed C-5 Galaxy
Aircraft Size Boeing 777 Engine Intake
Instrument Panel
Center of Gravity (CG) is point where weight of object is balanced Centroid located on the line of symmetry Centroid of object with multiple lines of symmetry is located at intersection of lines of symmetry
Stability • Aircraft with positive stability returns to steady flight after disturbance • Maneuverability is an indication of an aircraft’s ability to handle the stress of maneuvers • Controllability is an indication of an aircraft’s ability to react to pilot inputs
Aircraft Attitude • Aircraft have three axes of flight which intersect at the center of gravity • Aircraft must be stable around these three Lateral axes for controlled flight Longitudinal Axis • Aircraft must be controlled to rotate around these three axes to change direction Vertical Axis Center of Pressure Center of Gravity
Aircraft Stability and Movement Around Three Axes of Flight Roll Longitudinal Axis Lateral Axis Pitch Vertical Axis Yaw
Aircraft Roll Stability and Control To turn left, the aircraft must roll left. Longitudinal Axis Right wing must raise and left wing must descend. Right aileron is lowered and left aileron is raised.
Flight Controls that Cause Ailerons and Flaps to Move Yoke rotated n left w o h S g n i W t f Le Left and right flaps lower Left aileron raises right aileron lowers Flaps lever lowered
Aircraft Pitch Stability and Control Lateral Axis Pitch Down To descend, the pilot reduces power lowers the elevator to pitch down Lower the elevator Push the yoke Forward
Aircraft Pitch Stability and Control Elevator
Aircraft Yaw Stability and Control Vertical Axis To yaw the aircraft nose left, the rudder must deflect left. Push left pedal away from you. Yaw Left
Aircraft Yaw Stability and Control Rudder
Aircraft Motion and Control Axis Motion Stabilized by Control Pilot Control Longitudinal Roll Wings Aileron Yoke twist left or right Lateral Pitch Horizontal stabilizer Elevator Yoke forward or aft Vertical Yaw Vertical stabilizer Rudder pedals Roll Longitudinal Axis Yaw Vertical Axis Lateral Axis Pitch
References Jeppesen (2007). Private pilot: Guided flight discovery. Englewood, CO: Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc. (2006). Guided flight discovery private pilot images [CD-ROM]. Englewood, CO: Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (2009). Airplane parts definitions. Retrieved from http: //www. grc. nasa. gov/WWW/K 12/airplane. html National Aeronautics and Space Administration (2009). Wilber and Or. Retrieved from http: //grin. hq. nasa. gov/IMAGES/SMALL/GPN-2002000126. jpg
References Lockheed Martin (2010). F-35 Lightning II. Retrieved from http: //www. lockheedmartin. com/products/f 35/ Lockheed Martin (2010). Lockheed Martin C-130 in flight. Retrieved from http: //www. flickr. com/photos/lockheedmartin/976461432/ Meyer, A. (2010). X-Plane (Version 9. 21 rc 2) [Computer software]. Columbia, SC: Laminar Research. Senson, Ben. (2010). Madison Memorial High School, Wisconsin.
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