Airborne and Satellite Imaging for ShallowWater Habitats Survey
Airborne and Satellite Imaging for Shallow-Water Habitats Survey Methods for Shallow-Water Habitat Mapping in New England Dept. of Interior Holdings and Estuarine Research Reserves Workshop 30 Sep. 2009 Mark Finkbeiner
What is It? Optical energy. UV through NIR Analog – Aerial photography Digital – Aerial multispectral imagery – Digital camera imagery
Aerial Sensors • DMC (Z/I Imaging) • Ultra. Cam XP (Vexcel. Microsoft) • ADS-80 (Leica) • Geo. Scanner (Geo. Vantage) • DMSC (Ocean Imaging) • DSS (Applanix) • Others
Satellite Sensors • Geo. Eye-1 (Geo. Eye) • Orbview-2 • IKONOS (Space Imaging/Geo. Eye) • Quickbird (Digital Globe) • World. View- 2 (Digital Globe) • SPOT
Advantages • Comprehensive data • Familiar data structure • Amenable to both simple and advanced analysis methods • Captures land-water interface • Broad area coverage possible • Effective in shallow waters • Effective in complex landscapes • Being collected routinely for various other applications
Disadvantages • Ineffective in deeper water • Limited by water clarity • Environmental considerations – Atmospheric conditions –Sea state – Turbidity – Sun angle – Tide
Disadvantages • Ineffective in deeper water • Limited by water clarity • Environmental considerations – Atmospheric conditions –Sea state – Turbidity – Sun angle – Tide
Disadvantages • Ineffective in deeper water • Limited by water clarity • Environmental considerations – Atmospheric conditions –Sea state – Turbidity – Sun angle – Tide
Disadvantages • Ineffective in deeper water • Limited by water clarity • Environmental considerations – Atmospheric conditions –Sea state – Turbidity – Sun angle – Tide
Disadvantages • Ineffective in deeper water • Limited by water clarity • Environmental considerations – Atmospheric conditions – Sea state – Turbidity – Sun angle – Tide
Habitats Amenable to this Technology • Coastal emergent marsh • Seagrass meadows • Intertidal and shallowsubtidal shellfish beds • Macro algae • Shoreline condition (rocky shores, beaches, artificial)
Habitats Amenable to this Technology • Coastal emergent marsh • Seagrass meadows • Intertidal and shallowsubtidal shellfish beds • Macro algae • Shoreline condition (rocky shores, beaches, artificial)
Habitats Amenable to this Technology • Coastal emergent marsh • Seagrass meadows • Intertidal and shallowsubtidal shellfish beds • Macro algae • Shoreline condition (rocky shores, beaches, artificial)
Habitats Amenable to this Technology • Coastal emergent marsh • Seagrass meadows • Intertidal and shallowsubtidal shellfish beds • Macro algae • Shoreline condition (rocky shores, beaches, artificial)
Habitats Amenable to this Technology • Coastal emergent marsh • Seagrass meadows • Intertidal and shallowsubtidal shellfish beds • Macro algae • Shoreline condition (rocky shores, beaches, artificial)
Habitats Amenable to this Technology • Coastal emergent marsh • Seagrass meadows • Intertidal and shallowsubtidal shellfish beds • Macro algae • Shoreline condition (rocky shores, beaches, artificial)
Drivers of Acquisition Cost Aerial • Level of tidal control • Ferry/Staging time • Sensor selection • Flight line complexity • Spatial resolution • Spatial accuracy • Coverage area Satellite • Licensing • Reseller • Rectification order • Vintage • Specific tasking (offnadir, cloud restrictions, etc. ) • Coverage area
Costs and Examples Aerial Image Acquisition Avg. $200 - $500/sq. mi. • South Carolina Coast $284/sq. mi. • North Carolina Coast $682/sq. mi. • Texas Coast $ Satellite Image Acquisition Avg. $300 - $500/sq. mi. * • Quickbird $72/sq. min. $7, 616 • IKONOS $57/sq. min $5, 700
Drivers of Mapping Cost • Classification detail • Mapping method • Required accuracy • Coverage area • Minimum Mapping Unit
Mapping Methods Method • Manual digitization • Spectral clustering • Feature analysis • Image segmentation Time High Med. Low Method • Manual digitization • Spectral clustering • Feature analysis • Image segmentation Precision Low Med. High Effort High Med. High Logistics Low Med. High Repeatability Low Med. High
Costs and Case Studies Mapping $200 - $500/sq. mi. • South Carolina Coast $143/sq. mi. • Long Island South Shore $674/sq. mi. * • Texas Coast $207/sq. mi.
Emerging Issues and Trends • Film is going away • Digital sensors provide additional bands, improved spatial accuracy, greater dynamic range, and a more streamlined process • Number and availability of airborne digital sensors is increasing • Satellite resolution is increasing dramatically • Satellite revisit cycles are decreasing
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