Air Quality Green Building and Community Planning Judith
Air Quality: Green Building and Community Planning Judith Auer Shaw, Ph. D. , AICP, PP E. J. Bloustein School of Planning & Public Policy Rutgers University Rutgers Center for Green Building and The National Center for Neighborhood and Brownfield Redevelopment April 14, 2010 New Jersey Clean Air Council
NJDEP 2007
NJ Global Warming Response Act
Settlement Patterns Landscape Infrastructure Buildings Carbon Sequestration Transportation Residential Buildings Deforestation Electric T&D Loss Commercial Buildings Urban Heat Island Waste Management Industrial Facilities CO 2 Equivalent Emissions Land Use and GHG Emissions
Adopted from http: //public. fotki. com/MNCapital/twincitiespagecom 2/saint_paul_neighborhoods/neighborhood_battle/dr 11. html Adopted from http: //www. cr. nps. gov/nr/newsuburbs. htm Efficient Land Use Patterns Adopted from http: //www. census. gov/pubinfo/www/photos/communities. html
Traditional Neighborhood Design Town Center 5 -minute walk to most everyday activities Street network forms a continuous web with high inter-connectivity Small, pedestrian-friendly streets Mixed uses and architectural styles throughout Civic and community sites: “identity” Duaney, Plater-Zyberk. 2001 Douglas Farr. 2008. Sustainable Urbanism.
Community Planning Community Visioning Creates Focus Air Quality/Greenhouse Gas Reduction Provide Clear Data Assess traffic patterns, energy usage, common practices Review local ordinances relating to air quality Establish objectives Reduce vehicular traffic Reduce greenhouse gases Promote green building Promote green rehabilitation for residences and businesses Green Buildings
Benefits of Green Building Average Savings of Green Buildings CARBON SAVINGS 35% ENERGY SAVINGS 30% WATER USE SAVINGS 30 -50% WASTE COST SAVINGS 50 -90%
Green Building Links: Air Quality Lower Energy Consumption Greenhouse Gas Reduction Water Quality Reductions in Solid Waste Improved Economic Returns Improved Human Health Outcomes Better Neighborhood Design Green Building Framework for Overall Quality Improvements
Authorized in 2007 (C. 52: 27 D-130. 6): Guidance and consistent performance criteria Owners, builders, and construction professionals Programs that encourage/require green building Resource for local governments and private sector Residential and commercial buildings NJ Green Building Manual
Foundations for GB Manual ü Performance Based ü Tiered Point-Based System ü Web-based Tool q Performance Metrics q Integrated System q Implementation q Reporting & Verification
GB Manual Development Tiered Performance Metrics & Targets Cost Impacts Env. Impacts Green Building Strategies Organization/Content Impact Areas: • Five green building categories Methodology: • “Eco-Efficiency” • Cumulative Impacts Stakeholder Process Technical Guidance & Resources: • Case Studies • Calculation Tools • Illustrations/Diagrams Implementation Recommendations Administration: • Verification & Documentation Evaluation Protocol Ongoing Performance Evaluation: • Evolution of Guidelines
Design… Build… Operate… Evaluate - FIRST COST - OPERATION COST (Energy, Maintenance, Remodeling) + HEALTH OF EMPLOYEES + COMFORT + PRODUCTIVITY + ENVIRONMENT
Points of Leverage: Pre-Design Programming 1. Incentives • Expedited Permitting/Permit Assistance • Awards/Publicity 2. Verification/Documentation for getting incentives require: • Integrated Design Meeting • Performance Target Checklist/Management Plan Resources: Best Practice Strategies Case Study Examples Integrated Design Tools Commercial Building Process
Points of Leverage: Schematic Design 1. Incentives • Expedited Permitting/Permit Assistance • Technical Assistance • Awards/Publicity 2. Resources: Best Practice Strategies Case Study Examples Integrated Design Tools Verification/Documentation for getting incentives • Require Schematic Drawings/ASHRAE EQ (As Designed) modeling to show design helps project meet performance targets Commercial Building Process
Remodeling Strategies Description of Strategy & Recommended Approaches EXAMPLES A. Complete home energy performance audit EA 48 B. Test for and install a radon mitigation system if required IEQ 163 Impact Lenses Energy Efficiency/ CO 2 Reduction (high, medium, low) H L Water Conservation & Management (high, medium, low) Indoor Air Quality (high, medium, low) Resource Conservation (high, medium, low) Difficulty Level (high, medium, low) Center for Green Building L L Cost (high, medium, low) L H-if mitigation required Strategy Impacts L L depends on course of action L H- need experts to assess!
Post-Occupancy Evaluation Energy Use Intensity (EUI) of LEED and national building stock
54% of census tracts building stock with a majority of single family detached units 20% attached/2/3/4 units Greening NJ’s Existing Housing Stock
Green Remodeling Air Quality
Indoor Air Quality On average, Americans spend 90% of their time indoors, yet the air inside buildings can be 5 -10 times more polluted than outdoor air, according to the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Most common pollutants are: ◦ ◦ ◦ Radon Combustion products Molds, pet dander, pollen VOCs Lead dust and asbestos Why green building? Source: http: //www. epa. gov/iaq/greenbuilding/index. html
NJ Green Home Remodeling Sample Strategy Write-up
Weatherization & Energy Consider solar water Conduct a home heating (EE) performance audit (EE) High Install Programmable Thermostats (EE) Install attic insulation (EE) Consider a Photovoltaic System (EE) Select high efficiency HVAC equipment (EE) Impact Insulate Hot Water Heater & Pipes (EE) Low Provide Proper Moisture Management Strategies (WC, IAQ) Weather-strip Doors and Windows (WC, EE) $ Cost $$$$
Energy Efficiency - Strategies BUILDING DESIGN Building Orientation Advanced Green Roofs Moisture Control Framing Building Envelope Air sealing Insulation Performanc
Energy Efficiency – Strategies - Building Commissioning, Energy Audits - Renewable Energy & Advanced Energy Systems Building Commissioning Photovoltaics Computer Simulations Wind Turbines Products Geothermal Energy Audit Solar Hot Water
Green Design and Retrofitting Philadelphia Water Company
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