Air pollution Maryam Altahou Zahra Mohamed Maryam Qasim

Air pollution Maryam Altahou Zahra Mohamed Maryam Qasim Husam Yusuf Mustafa Isa

Introduction What is air pollution? Air pollution is a complex mixture of many different substances and the exact contents vary depending on what sources of pollution are nearby, your location, the time of year and even the weather. –Cancer research UK origination Air pollution occurs when the air contains gases, dust, fumes or odour in harmful amounts. That is, amounts which could be harmful to the health or comfort of humans and animals or which could cause damage to plants and materials. –Victorian Government website

Introduction Why is air pollution consider as a global environment problem? According to National Geographic 1. Ozone layer 2. Global warming 3. Ice melting – according to the Trends of ecology and evolution book 4. Water level increase 5. Climate change

Causes Indoor air pollution : According to Cancer Research UK which is a registered organization in UK that there are mainly 2 important indoor air polluting causes which are: Second hand smoke. (caused by a person who breath co 2 from someone who smokes or any source of fire or co 2 production inside the house) Radon. (Radon is a natural radioactive gas) So (whole presenting about indoor) u provide these numbers about second hand smoke: Currently, millions of people in the UK are exposed to second-hand smoke and 20 per cent of children report being exposed to second-hand smoke in their own homes. http: //www. cancerresearchuk. org/cancer-info/healthyliving/air-pollution-radoncancer/harmful-substances-and-cancer-air-pollution-and-radon

Causes Car exhaust • Acid Rain – Pollution from car exhaust contributes to the formation of acid rain – acidic gases. • effect of global warming – Many of the gases from car exhaust, such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide, are green house gasses. These gases trap heat within the Earth’s atmosphere and global climate change.

Passenger vehicles and heavy-duty trucks are the main sources of air pollution, which includes ozone, particulate matter, and other smogforming emissions.

Impact Air pollution by sulfur dioxide in Poland - impact on agriculture. After the Second World War there was a tremendous increase in SO 2 emission in Poland due to fast industrialization and the use of low quality coal as energy source. High levels of SO 2 pollution have resulted in negative effects on natural and agro-ecosystems. On the other hand SO 2 has been beneficial as sulfur fertilizer for agro-ecosystems. Since SO 2 emissions are expected to further decrease in Poland, sulfur content of soils as well as plants needs to be monitored in order to guarantee optimized sulfur fertilization.

impact Factories in: China: Respiratory and heart diseases related to air pollution are the leading cause of death in China. Various studies estimate pollution costs the Chinese economy about 7 -10% of GDP each year. - WWF Global - Mexico: In 1992, the United Nations described Mexico City’s air as the most polluted on the planet because of the industrial growth. Six years later, that air earned Mexico the reputation of “the most dangerous city in the world for children. IDRC

impact Effects of acid rains 1. turn acidify water bodies 2. affect the growth of plants 3. increases the decay of buildings and monuments. 4. Water species cannot survive in the water that has a higher acidic level.

impact- California The Effect of Air Pollution on Lung Development from 10 to 18 Years of Age -By W. James Gauderman, Ph. D. , Edward Avol, M. S In this prospective study, we recruited 1759 children (average age, 10 years) from schools in 12 southern California communities and measured lung function annually for eight years. The rate of attrition was approximately 10 percent per year.

Solutions positioning sprinklers on the roofs of tall buildings to spray water into the atmosphere to collect particulate matter. Shaocai Yu, a geoengineering researcher from Zhejiang and North Carolina State universities. similar to how rain removes airborne dust. The idea came to Yu while he watched someone water a garden. Yu estimates that the plan could reduce the fine particle load to 35 micrograms per cubic meter. -International Business Times.

BMW : If the engine's not running, it's not using any fuel. The Auto Start Stop function automatically switches off the engine when the car is at a standstill and in neutral, then restarts it as soon as the driver presses the clutch pedal again. Fitted for example to all BMW 1 and 3 Series models with a four-cylinder engine and manual transmission, the Auto Start Stop function helps reduce both fuel consumption and emissions. the introduction of hybrid (mild/full) can save an addition 3 Mt CO 2 e.

Solutions CO 2 to O 2: activist Kamal Meattle: New Delhi’s pollution was killing him, so he developed a new remedy: Put three plants indoors to clean the air. His health has returned and his is the healthiest building in the city

SOLUTION the one who present needs to know his bullets points To combat pollution in the United States, the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1970 gave the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) the authority to establish and enforce air pollution standards and to set emission standards for new factories and extremely hazardous industrial pollutants. The states were required to meet "ambient air quality standards" by regulating the emissions of various pollutants from existing stationary sources, such as power plants and incinerators, in part by the installation of smokestack scrubbers, electrostatic precipitators, and other filters. Auto manufacturers were mandated to install exhaust controls or develop less polluting engines. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1977, authorized the EPA to impose stricter pollution standards and higher penalties for failure to comply with air quality standards. In 1990 when the act was reauthorized it required most cities to meet existing smog reduction regulations by the year 2005. The 1990 amendments also expanded the scope and strength of the regulations for controlling industrial pollution. The result has been limited progress in reducing the quantities of sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, ozone, particulate matter, and lead in the air. The EPA also regulated hazardous air pollutants, which in 1992 included mercury, beryllium, asbestos, vinylchloride, benzene, radioactive substances, and inorganic arsenic. : air pollution: Solutions to Air Pollution | Infoplease. com http: //www. infoplease. com/encyclopedia/science/airpollution-solutions-to-air-pollution. html#ixzz 3 KTClr. S 8 i

References A, P. (2002). Air Pollution by Sulfur Dioxide in Poland - Impact on Agriculture. In Phyton (Austria) Special issue: "Global change" (3 rd ed. , Vol. 42, pp. 157 -163). Gauderman, J. , & Avol, E. (2004). The Effect of Air Pollution on Lung Development from 10 to 18 Years of Age. (351), 1057 -1067. Retrieved from http: //www. nejm. org/doi/full/10. 1056/nejmoa 040610#t=references Ezzati, D. (2001). Indoor air pollution from biomass combustion and acute respiratory infections in Kenya: An exposure-response study. 358(9282), 619– 624 -619– 624. Retrieved from http: //www. sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S 0140673601057774 http: //www. ucsusa. org/our-work/clean-vehicles/vehicles-air-pollution-and-human-health#. VIVgd. Mb. Nu. Um http: //www. sparticl. org/topic/airpollution/? utm_content=3277193725&utm_source=bing&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=Sparticl%20 Launch%20 Ca mpaign&utm_term=solution%20 air%20 pollution Khare, A. & Bellmann. K. (2008). Response from German car to the European Union dircective on reducing CO 2 emission from passenger cars. Mainz: Center of market-oriented product and production management. http: //www. epa. vic. gov. au/air/aq 4 kids/pollution. asp http: //www. cancerresearchuk. org/cancer-info/healthyliving/air-pollution-radon-cancer/harmful-substances-and-cancer-air -pollution-and-radon