Air Force Research Laboratory Air Vehicles Directorate Cooperative
Air Force Research Laboratory Air Vehicles Directorate: Cooperative Airspace Operations 3 March 05 Daniel Thompson Future Capability Lead, Cooperative Airspace Op’s Air Vehicles Directorate Air Force Research Laboratory “We give the US Air Force its Wings”
Capability Focused Tech Investment Superior War Winning Technologies Upgrades forfor Future Aerospace Today’s Platforms Dominance
Cooperative Airspace Operations Vision: Same Base, Same Time, Same Tempo Critical System Attributes: • Reliable & Safe – Op’s in proximity to man Collaboration & Teaming • Responsive/adaptive to dynamic missions • As autonomous as needed, as interactive as desired • Operations transparency • Affordable & Certifiable Transparent Ground & Air Op’s Sense, Avoid, File & Fly Reliable, Certifiable Systems & Software Safe Interoperability & Coordination System of Systems Decision Making Partners in CAO: AFRL: VA, SN, HE, MN, IF Do. D: DARPA, Navy, Army Other: NASA, Industry Based on JUCAS ICD, SAB Summer Study, Global Hawk ORD, OSD UAV Roadmap, Predator CDD
Cooperative Airspace Operations CFTI Taxonomy Capability Attributes Product J-UCAS 4 -ship flight management Cooperative Airspace Ops Operations in manned/unmanned teams Product Area Multi-UAV distributed control Multivehicle Teaming V&V of flt critical intelligent software SW V&V HALE UAV detect and avoid Multi-vehicle see and avoid Safe operations from airbases and in airspace Non-GPS nav, landing, and ground ops Airspace Operations Terminal area & ground ops Open architecture, highly reliable VMS Health mgmt integ w/adaptive control Status As Of Aug 04 Reliable Control
Cooperative Airspace Operations Attribute Availability Forecast Manned/Unmanned Teaming BASELINE X-45, Predator Manned/Unmanned Teaming Single coordinated UCAV package Adaptive to continue the mission V&V’able today Human as Operator Safe Airbase/Airspace Op’s Min ATC Op’s – “See & Avoid” (1 v 1) Safety/Reliability – Equivalent to manned systems Near Term (07) Manned/Unmanned Teaming Human as Supervisor Safe Airbase/Airspace Op’s Flexible ATC & Ground Op’s – “File & Fly” • nvm • GATM compliance Distributed/Cooperative Control of multiple packages and ISR assets Adaptive for max effectiveness in dynamic environment V&V of intelligent and adaptive systems Human as Teammate Safe Airbase/Airspace Op’s Ability to operate w/o GPS Equivalent ATC & Ground Op’s – “Same Time, Same Base, Same Tempo” Mid Term (10) Far Term (15)
Cooperative Airspace Operations CFTI Taxonomy Capability Attributes Product J-UCAS 4 -ship flight management Cooperative Airspace Ops Operations in manned/unmanned teams Product Area Multi-UAV distributed control Multivehicle Teaming V&V of flt critical intelligent software SW V&V HALE UAV detect and avoid Multi-vehicle see and avoid Safe operations from airbases and in airspace Non-GPS nav, landing, and ground ops Airspace Operations Terminal area & ground ops Open architecture, highly reliable VMS Health mgmt integ w/adaptive control Status As Of Aug 04 Reliable Control
Control of Multi-Mission UAV Systems Reliable Affordable Adaptive Autonomous Objective Demonstrate TRL 6 maturity of critical integrated technologies to achieve reliable, affordable, adaptive, autonomous control for effective multi-ship combat UAV operations • Compact, light weight, low cost VMS • On-board, real-time, diagnostics • Reconfigurable, Adaptive flight control adaptive flight control • Reactive, Autonomous, cooperative flight mgmt autonomous, cooperative flight mgmt
Cooperative Airspace Operations CFTI Taxonomy Capability Attributes Product J-UCAS 4 -ship flight management Cooperative Airspace Ops Operations in manned/unmanned teams Product Area Multi-UAV distributed control Multivehicle Teaming V&V of flt critical intelligent software SW V&V HALE UAV detect and avoid Multi-vehicle see and avoid Safe operations from airbases and in airspace Non-GPS nav, landing, and ground ops Airspace Operations Terminal area & ground ops Open architecture, highly reliable VMS Health mgmt integ w/adaptive control Status As Of Aug 04 Reliable Control
Airspace Access Safety & Reliability Issues Navigation Aircraft Airworthiness FAA Airspace Classifications Collision Avoidance with cooperative & non-cooperative aircraft Weather Avoidance? Compliance with 14 CFR 91. 113 Interoperability with manned / unmanned aircraft ATC Communications Command & Control Link Operator Qualifications Take-off & Landing Air Force Research Laboratory – Unleashing the Power of Innovative Aerospace Technology
Sense-and-Avoid Goal: Develop and Demonstrate Safe Multi-Vehicle Air Operations Phases/Tech Availability: Phase 1 (Manual): FY 06 Phase 2 (Auto): FY 07 Phase 3 (Multi-Veh): FY 10 Technology Challenges: • Cost Effective Sensing • Sensor/Datalink/Avionics Fusion • Equivalent Level of Safety • Operations with close separation • Enable UAVs to perform a wider range of Air Force missions
Non-GPS Landing & Ground-Ops Goal: Develop and demonstrate sensor architectures and algorithms for UAV airbase operations without reliance on GPS availability Tech Availability: FY 09 DTED & Maps Imaging Sensors INS GPS Vel Geo Fix Technology Challenges: Pos Radar Alt Autonomous Landing Kalman Filter Multi-purpose Sensor Integration Cost Effective Sensing Sensor/Datalink/Avionics Fusion Real-time Data Interpretation Manned System Equivalence
Autonomous Terminal Area and Ground Operations Goal: Develop and demonstrate equivalent airbase operations as manned operations: “Same base, same time, same tempo” Tech Availability: FY 12 Technology Challenges: Manned System Equivalence Mixed Operations Robust Safety Sensed Situational Awareness Operator-Vehicle Ratio V&V of On-Board Algorithms
Cooperative Airspace Operations Product Area: Limited FOR DAA 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 6. 1/SBIR Effort 6. 2 Program 6. 3 Program Other Funding Leveraged Program Funded Transition ACAS Unfunded Transition HALE UAV DAA AFCST 5 Transition Point (TAD) AFRL/SN Products 6 Limited FOR DAA Global Hawk AFRL/SN DAA Technology Readiness Level S 1 Spiral
Cooperative Airspace Operations Product Area: Non-GPS Ground Operations 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 6. 1/SBIR Effort 6. 2 Program 6. 3 Program Other Funding AFCST Leveraged Program Funded Transition Devel sensing arch for UAV airspace op’s -- SEFAR Unfunded Transition 5 5 Technology Readiness Level Transition Point (TAD) Non-GPS Gnd Ops Non-GPS Gnd Op’s 6 TBD Products S 1 Spiral
Cooperative Airspace Operations Product Area: See and Avoid 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 6. 1/SBIR Effort 6. 2 Program ACAS 6. 3 Program HALE UAV DAA Other Funding Leveraged Program 6 AFCST Funded Transition Unfunded Transition Devel sensing arch for UAV airspace op’s -- SEFAR 5 5 Technology Readiness Level Transition Point (TAD) Products See & Avoid Multi-vehicle SAA 6 TBD S 1 Spiral
Cooperative Airspace Operations Product Area: Terminal Area and Ground Operations 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 ACAS 6. 1/SBIR Effort 6. 2 Program HALE UAV DAA 6. 3 Program 6 AFCST Other Funding Leveraged Program Funded Transition Devel sensing arch for UAV airspace op’s -SEFAR Unfunded Transition 5 Multi-vehicle SAA 5 6 Technology Readiness Level Transition Point (TAD) Products S 1 Spiral Non-GPS Gnd Op’s 6 ATAO Reqmts MISCU NASA Access 5 3 3 Auton Term Area & Gnd Ops Refine/demo alg’s -ATAO Sim 4 Term Area & Gnd Op’s 6 TBD
Cooperative Airspace Operations CFTI Taxonomy Capability Attributes Product J-UCAS 4 -ship flight management Cooperative Airspace Ops Operations in manned/unmanned teams Product Area Multi-UAV distributed control Multivehicle Teaming V&V of flt critical intelligent software SW V&V HALE UAV detect and avoid Multi-vehicle see and avoid Safe operations from airbases and in airspace Non-GPS nav, landing, and ground ops Airspace Operations Terminal area & ground ops Open architecture, highly reliable VMS Health mgmt integ w/adaptive control Status As Of Aug 04 Reliable Control
Validation and Verification of Flight Critical Intelligent Software Problem: Software is already a schedule & cost critical issue. Emerging UAV adaptive & autonomous functions will significantly expand this problem Goal: Affordable Validation, Verification, & Certification of Flight Critical, Intelligent Software Technology Challenges: • Man & Machine Interoperability • Learning/Adaptive Functionality • Multi-vehicle System of Systems • Mixed Criticality – Flight & Mission • Sensor Fusion/Integration
Cooperative Airspace Operations Product Area: V&V of Flight Critical Intelligent Software 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 DARPA Mo. BIES, PCES 6. 1/SBIR Effort 6. 2 Program 6. 3 Program Other Funding TASS SBIRs Leveraged Program Funded Transition Unfunded Transition VVIACS 5 Technology Readiness Level Transition Point (TAD) CERTA-FCS Integrated SW Envir FWV Initiative, & Other Gov’t Other VA Products S 1 Affordable processes for flight critical intelligent software devel and V&V TBD Phase I – Definition & Metrics Phase II – Development of processes Phase III – Demo against relevant application Spiral
Cooperative Airspace Operations CFTI Taxonomy Capability Attributes Product J-UCAS 4 -ship flight management Cooperative Airspace Ops Operations in manned/unmanned teams Product Area Multi-UAV distributed control Multivehicle Teaming V&V of flt critical intelligent software SW V&V HALE UAV detect and avoid Multi-vehicle see and avoid Safe operations from airbases and in airspace Non-GPS nav, landing, and ground ops Airspace Operations Terminal area & ground ops Open architecture, highly reliable VMS Health mgmt integ w/adaptive control Status As Of Aug 04 Reliable Control
UAV Flight Management Goal: Develop and Demonstrate Single & Multiship Flight Management – “As Autonomous As Needed, As Interactive As Desired” Initial User/TAD: UCAV/TBD Technology Challenges: • Single & Multi-vehicle Control & Coordination • Optimal Use of Resources • Real Time Response • On-board Situational Awareness & In. Situ Decision Making • Limited Datalink Bandwidth • V&V of Adaptive & Intelligent Software
Autonomy Continuum Collision Avoidance Tactical Plan Intelligence Group Tactical Plan Off-Board Data Close Separation Group Tactical Goal + Sensed Data Off-Board On-Board Assess & Trajectory Group Replan Diagnostic Adaptive Prognostic Health Assessment Implicit/Predictive Replan Group Assessment Large Numbers, Complex Environment 5 Battlespace Cognizance 4 Battlespace Knowledge 3 Multi-Vehicle Cooperation Fault/Event Adaptive 0 1 2 + Inference Multi-vehicle Limited Response Remotely Piloted Coordination Preplanned Mission Changeable Mission Individual UAV Multi-Vehicle Coordination Adaptability Group Strategic Goal 6 7 8 Autonomous Control Level (ACL) 9 Fully Autonomous Wide Separation Battlespace Swarm Cognizance Airspace Op’s 10
Multi-vehicle Teaming 6. 3 ACL 5 6. 1 ACL 7 -8 Hierarchical Control Distributed Control • Group planning and resource assignment done by leader • Plan communicated and executed by team members • Individual planning and replanning • Group coordination 6. 2 ACL 6 Implicit Coordination • • Each vehicle plans for all vehicles Distributes the data and computing Requires synchronized information Facilitates transition to distributed More flexible and efficient use of available resources
Cooperative Airspace Operations Product Area: Multi-vehicle Teaming 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 CMUS (Baseline, Tech Val) COE Cooperative Control & Control Collaborative Center 6. 1/SBIR Effort 4 -ship JUCAS Flt Mgmt 5 6. 2 Program 6. 3 Program Other Funding JUCAS Leveraged Program Funded Transition DARPA SEC & MICA Unfunded Transition 5 Technology Readiness Level Transition Point (TAD) Products DIRe. CT Selection/refinement towards end-application needs -- DICCAT Ex. ACT DCAT 4 Multi-UAV SBIRs UAVOM AFOSR, AFRL/MN, Navy (Future Naval Capabilities), & Army (Autonomous Cooperative Operations) Programs S 1 5 Flight test of multi-UAV control -- DCACD Multi-UAV Distrib Control 6 TBD Spiral
Cooperative Airspace Operations Cooperative Airspace Op’s – Developing and demonstrating the key technology products to enable UAV’s (and manned systems) to be more effective and reliable in performance of operator missions
- Slides: 25