Aim Would you execute Charles I of England

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Aim: Would you execute Charles I of England?

Aim: Would you execute Charles I of England?

I The Evolution of Early English Government Queen Elizabeth I defeated the Spanish Armada

I The Evolution of Early English Government Queen Elizabeth I defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588, making England’s navy the most powerful in the world. King Henry VIII created the Anglican Church in 1536 and became its leader. In 1295 the 1 st British parliament (law-making body) met. The King still had the most power, but parliament made $ decisions. 1215 the Magna Carta was signed, limiting the rights of Kings.

II Background A) In 17 th century England, kings ruled with the English Parliament

II Background A) In 17 th century England, kings ruled with the English Parliament (Parliament had the power to tax). Kings believed that their authority came from God and was absolute (divine right). B) The Puritans (a radical group of Protestants) said the Anglican Church of England was acting too much like the Catholic Church and needed to be “purified”. Many Puritans came to North America. They publically punished people for crimes like gambling, not attending church, or adultery.

III The English Civil War A) Angry at Parliament forcing him to grant basic

III The English Civil War A) Angry at Parliament forcing him to grant basic rights to nobles in 1628, Charles I refused to let Parliament meet for 11 years… until 1642 when he needed more $$ English Civil War. "Never make a defense or apology before you be accused. “ – Charles I

English Civil War Continued… B) Supporters of Charles I were called Cavaliers, due to

English Civil War Continued… B) Supporters of Charles I were called Cavaliers, due to their plumed hats. Supporters of Parliament were called Roundheads, due to their short hair. C) Oliver Cromwell, a member of parliament and soldier, lead the Roundheads to victory.

The English Civil War Continued… D) 1646 Charles I surrendered and was put on

The English Civil War Continued… D) 1646 Charles I surrendered and was put on trial for treason. E) Charles I was executed on January 30, 1649. *Charles I was the first British monarch to be put on trial and executed! F) 250, 000 people died in the English Civil War. Charles I speaking at his trial: “… I see no House of Lords here, that may constitute a Parliament. . . Let me see a legal authority warranted by the Word of God, the Scriptures, or warranted by the constitutions of the Kingdom, and I will answer…” Death Sentence of Charles I: “… Charles Stuart, as a tyrant, traitor, murderer, and public enemy to the good people of this nation, shall be put to death by the severing of his head from his body…”

IV Oliver Cromwell A) After the Civil War, the English Monarchy was abolished! 1653

IV Oliver Cromwell A) After the Civil War, the English Monarchy was abolished! 1653 Oliver Cromwell became “Lord Protector” of England. B) Puritan Revolution: Cromwell, being Puritan, led the Puritan Revolution ü Pubs and theatres were closed ü Most sports were banned ü Swearing was fined ü Christmas & Easter banned Oliver Cromwell, a FUN guy!

Oliver Cromwell Continued… C) 1649 Cromwell went to Ireland. Many Irish were Catholic and

Oliver Cromwell Continued… C) 1649 Cromwell went to Ireland. Many Irish were Catholic and supporters of returning the monarchy to England. killing of 500, 000 Irish. “This is a righteous judgment of God upon these barbarous wretches…” – Oliver Cromwell after a massacre of Irish in Drogdeha

Ireland Traditional Language: Gaelic (Celtic) St. Patrick converted Irish to Christianity 5 th century

Ireland Traditional Language: Gaelic (Celtic) St. Patrick converted Irish to Christianity 5 th century CE 8 th – 9 th centuries invaded by Vikings Conquered by British 12 th century

IV The English Restoration A) Oliver Cromwell died in 1658. Due to the unpopularity

IV The English Restoration A) Oliver Cromwell died in 1658. Due to the unpopularity of Cromwell’s Puritan Revolution, in 1660 Parliament asked the exiled Charles II (son of Charles I) to “restore” the monarchy. B) Charles II reopened theatres and taverns, leading him to be called “The Merry Monarch”! King Charles II “King Charles II exhumed [dug up] Oliver Cromwell’s body… Cromwell’s corpse was strung up on display, beheaded and dumped into a London pit. Cromwell’s head was mounted on a pike on the roof of Westminster Hall, where it remained for decades as a warning to would-be revolutionaries. ” www. history. com

V The Glorious Revolution A) Charles II’s brother, James II inherited the throne in

V The Glorious Revolution A) Charles II’s brother, James II inherited the throne in 1685. He was Catholic. Parliament feared he would restore the Catholic Church to England. B)1688 parliament asked James II’s daughter Mary Stuart and her husband William III to rule England (both were Anglican). C) Instead of fighting, James II fled to France. NO ONE DIED which is why it’s called the Glorious Revolution. King James II Mary Stuart William III

VI The English Bill of Rights Before they could be crowned, William and Mary

VI The English Bill of Rights Before they could be crowned, William and Mary had to sign the English Bill of Rights in 1689. It ensured the power of Parliament over the monarchy (limited monarchy). 1. The monarch MUST summon Parliament regularly 2. The House of Commons has power over spending 3. Those arrested MUST have a trial by jury (reaffirming the Magna Carta) 4. The right of habeus corpus: no person can be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime (reaffirming the Magna Carta)

How similar are these? English Bill of Rights American Bill of Rights in the

How similar are these? English Bill of Rights American Bill of Rights in the US Constitution That the freedom of speech … ought not to be… questioned in any court or place out of Parliament… Congress shall make no law… abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press… (1 st Amendment) That the subjects which are Protestants may have arms for their defense… A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. (2 nd Amendment)

Summary Questions 1. What were the causes of the English Civil War? Who were

Summary Questions 1. What were the causes of the English Civil War? Who were the Cavaliers and the Roundheads? Who won? 2. Why was Charles I executed? Do you think this was justified? 3. How should Oliver Cromwell be remembered (as a hero, villain, or somewhere in-between)? Cite historical evidence! 4. What was the English Restoration? Why did Parliament want to do this? 5. What was the Glorious Revolution? Why was it “glorious”? 6. List at least 2 rights guaranteed under the English Bill of Rights. How are those rights similar to the American Bill of Rights?

Summary Questions 7. Read the primary source below. Would you sign this warrant? Explain

Summary Questions 7. Read the primary source below. Would you sign this warrant? Explain why or why not in at least 4 -5 sentences. Justify your answer with at least 2 facts that support your decision from the document. Warrant to Execute King Charles I 1648 Whereas Charles Stuart King of England is and stands guilty and condemned for high treason and high crimes. And the sentence upon Saturday last was pronounced by this court that he be put to death by the severing of his head from his body. Said sentence is to be carried out on the 30 th day of January between the hours of 10 in the morning and 5 in the afternoon. In that taking this action requires sufficient warrant, it is required that the officers of Parliament affix their signatures and seals below.

The Queen Does Have Some Real Power Today! “The world's primary feudal landowner is

The Queen Does Have Some Real Power Today! “The world's primary feudal landowner is Queen Elizabeth II. She is Queen of 32 countries, head of a Commonwealth of 54 countries in which a quarter of the world's population lives, and legal owner of about 6. 6 billion acres of land, one-sixth of the earth's land surface…” BY KEVIN CAHILL newstatesman. com 2011

Cavaliers Oliver Cromwell English Bill of Rights English Civil War English Restoration Glorious Revolution

Cavaliers Oliver Cromwell English Bill of Rights English Civil War English Restoration Glorious Revolution Habeas Corpus King Charles II King Henry VIII King James II King William III Magna Carta Parliament Puritan Revolution Roundheads Mary Stuart Key Vocabulary