AIM Where did the Ottomans come from DO

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AIM: Where did the Ottomans come from? DO NOW: Why do people migrate?

AIM: Where did the Ottomans come from? DO NOW: Why do people migrate?

Turkish Origins ◦ Nomadic equestrian people of Central Asia (not Arabs) ◦ Neighbors of

Turkish Origins ◦ Nomadic equestrian people of Central Asia (not Arabs) ◦ Neighbors of the Mongols ◦ Chinese records date them back to 200 BCE ◦ Writing in a Turkic language dated around 730 CE ◦ Great Seljuks: start with Turkish migrations after the 6 th c. CE ◦ Embraced Sunni Islam around 10 th c. CE

Conquering Anatolia ◦ Battle of Manzikert 1071 ◦ Seljuks in west had won control

Conquering Anatolia ◦ Battle of Manzikert 1071 ◦ Seljuks in west had won control of most of Anatolia ◦ *IRONY = Seljuk sultanate in east were losing control of Baghdad ◦ Carved out states in Anatolia o Society & economy of the Anatolian countryside was unchanged, simply replaced Byzantine officials with a new elite that was Turkish and Muslim. o **Nothing was forced BUT immersion was facilitated by intermarriage.

The Crusades Chain Reaction… ◦ Success of the Seljuk Turks stimulated a response from

The Crusades Chain Reaction… ◦ Success of the Seljuk Turks stimulated a response from Latin Europe in the form of the First Crusade. ◦ Western Europeans (w. assistance from Byzantines & Kievan Rus) vs. Seljuk Turks (plus few other tribes) ◦ While all this was taking place in Asia Minor, Europe was threatened again by hordes pouring in from the interior of Central Asia = the Mongols ◦ (SIDENOTE: Europe would have been in big trouble if the Bulgars did not hold up the Mongols) ◦ The death of Genghis Khan led to the disintegration of the Mongol empire. ◦ Mongolian horde in western khanate vanishes into the Turkish Mamelukes ◦ So few, that their arrival went unnoticed as they entered into Anatolia ◦ Head of Mamelukes was valiant warrior called Ertughrul, gained land from Sultan of Seljuks

Osman I (1281 -1324) ◦ Founded a small empire, which he called "Memalik Osmanya”

Osman I (1281 -1324) ◦ Founded a small empire, which he called "Memalik Osmanya” ◦ worked to expand state’s power ◦ Attracted other nomadic gazis, who were influenced by the prospects of economic gains of conquest. ◦ At same time, Seljuk power was declining = they eventually absorb into Osman’s growing state. ◦ By the end of Osman’s reign and that of his son, Orhan, nearly all of Anatolia was under Ottoman control.

AIM: Did the Ottomans “need” Constantinople? DO NOW: Using the two student samples from

AIM: Did the Ottomans “need” Constantinople? DO NOW: Using the two student samples from last class, how can we interpret Osman’s dream?

S e t t i n g t h e S t a g

S e t t i n g t h e S t a g e

Ottoman Janissaries • non-Muslim boys received by the sultan’s government and trained as military

Ottoman Janissaries • non-Muslim boys received by the sultan’s government and trained as military troops • devshirme – a kind of tax levied mostly on the Christian subjects of the empire who lived in the Balkans in Eastern Europe. • The janissaries were the only soldiers given gunpowder weapons.

T h e S i e g e o f C o n s

T h e S i e g e o f C o n s t a n t i n o p l

The Siege of Constantinople • May 29, 1453 = Ottoman forces surround Constantinople Led

The Siege of Constantinople • May 29, 1453 = Ottoman forces surround Constantinople Led by Mehmet II Knock down wall & Ottomans triumph Renamed Istanbul made capital of Ottoman Empire Hagia Sophia was converted into the Blue Mosque Istanbul emerged as a great center of Muslim culture

FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE GAME

FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE GAME

Historical Thinking Refresh 1. Contextualization 2. Point of View 1. Reliability 3. Turning Point

Historical Thinking Refresh 1. Contextualization 2. Point of View 1. Reliability 3. Turning Point

EXIT - 1453 Discussion Question: Did the Ottomans “need Constantinople? Now that they have

EXIT - 1453 Discussion Question: Did the Ottomans “need Constantinople? Now that they have it, does the world change? • http: //www. history. com/shows/mankind -the-story-of-all-of-us/videos/fall-ofconstantinople