AIM Where did the Ottomans come from DO
- Slides: 15
AIM: Where did the Ottomans come from? DO NOW: Why do people migrate?
Turkish Origins ◦ Nomadic equestrian people of Central Asia (not Arabs) ◦ Neighbors of the Mongols ◦ Chinese records date them back to 200 BCE ◦ Writing in a Turkic language dated around 730 CE ◦ Great Seljuks: start with Turkish migrations after the 6 th c. CE ◦ Embraced Sunni Islam around 10 th c. CE
Conquering Anatolia ◦ Battle of Manzikert 1071 ◦ Seljuks in west had won control of most of Anatolia ◦ *IRONY = Seljuk sultanate in east were losing control of Baghdad ◦ Carved out states in Anatolia o Society & economy of the Anatolian countryside was unchanged, simply replaced Byzantine officials with a new elite that was Turkish and Muslim. o **Nothing was forced BUT immersion was facilitated by intermarriage.
The Crusades Chain Reaction… ◦ Success of the Seljuk Turks stimulated a response from Latin Europe in the form of the First Crusade. ◦ Western Europeans (w. assistance from Byzantines & Kievan Rus) vs. Seljuk Turks (plus few other tribes) ◦ While all this was taking place in Asia Minor, Europe was threatened again by hordes pouring in from the interior of Central Asia = the Mongols ◦ (SIDENOTE: Europe would have been in big trouble if the Bulgars did not hold up the Mongols) ◦ The death of Genghis Khan led to the disintegration of the Mongol empire. ◦ Mongolian horde in western khanate vanishes into the Turkish Mamelukes ◦ So few, that their arrival went unnoticed as they entered into Anatolia ◦ Head of Mamelukes was valiant warrior called Ertughrul, gained land from Sultan of Seljuks
Osman I (1281 -1324) ◦ Founded a small empire, which he called "Memalik Osmanya” ◦ worked to expand state’s power ◦ Attracted other nomadic gazis, who were influenced by the prospects of economic gains of conquest. ◦ At same time, Seljuk power was declining = they eventually absorb into Osman’s growing state. ◦ By the end of Osman’s reign and that of his son, Orhan, nearly all of Anatolia was under Ottoman control.
AIM: Did the Ottomans “need” Constantinople? DO NOW: Using the two student samples from last class, how can we interpret Osman’s dream?
S e t t i n g t h e S t a g e
Ottoman Janissaries • non-Muslim boys received by the sultan’s government and trained as military troops • devshirme – a kind of tax levied mostly on the Christian subjects of the empire who lived in the Balkans in Eastern Europe. • The janissaries were the only soldiers given gunpowder weapons.
T h e S i e g e o f C o n s t a n t i n o p l
The Siege of Constantinople • May 29, 1453 = Ottoman forces surround Constantinople Led by Mehmet II Knock down wall & Ottomans triumph Renamed Istanbul made capital of Ottoman Empire Hagia Sophia was converted into the Blue Mosque Istanbul emerged as a great center of Muslim culture
FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE GAME
Historical Thinking Refresh 1. Contextualization 2. Point of View 1. Reliability 3. Turning Point
EXIT - 1453 Discussion Question: Did the Ottomans “need Constantinople? Now that they have it, does the world change? • http: //www. history. com/shows/mankind -the-story-of-all-of-us/videos/fall-ofconstantinople
- Where did the ottomans come from
- Where did the ottomans come from
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- The ottomans build a vast empire
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