Aim What were the goals of the Progressive

Aim: What were the goals of the Progressive Movement? Do Now Read pages 461 -464. Turn in your HW. Look at the HW Board for tonight’s assignment.

3. The Beginnings of Progressivism • Shortly after the decline of the Populists, the United States saw the beginnings of progressivism. 1) 2) What is progressivism? What did this movement wish to achieve in the United States? • The Progressives believed their ideas would lead to progress and a better way of life in the United States. They started their movement in the cities and gradually carried them to the states.

3. 1 The Progressives • This group drew the same support as the Populists, there were differences. 1 -Progressivism was found in the cities and not on the farms. 2 -The leaders of the movement were doctors, lawyers, teachers, religious leaders and small business leaders unlike the farmers who made up the Progressives.

Presidents During the Progressive Era Theodore Roosevelt Republican 1901 -1909 William Howard Taft Republican 1909 -1913

Presidents During the Progressive Era Woodrow Wilson Democrat 1913 -1921

Famous Progressives Jane Addams-Founder of Hull House (1890) William Jennings Bryan-1896 Democratic Nominee for POTUS

Famous Progressives Andrew Carnegie-Philanthropist Founder of US Steel W. E. B. Du. Bois-Founder of the NAACP (1909)

Famous Progressives Jack London-Author of The Call of the Wild Margaret Sanger-Founder of Planned Parenthood

• • • The Progressives did not have an organized group and had different aims for their organization. Many progressives shared similar ideas such as: 1 -Honest government, with power in the hands of the people. 2 -Active government, with the power to regulate big business. 3 -They favored social reforms that better the lives of many people. 4 -They wanted to improve the conditions for labor. The Progressives, however, did not want to improve the conditions for minorities. The lives of Indians, Blacks and Mexican-Americans did not improve because of the Progressives. 3) What were the differences between the Populists of the late 1800 s and the Progressives of the early 1900 s? 4) What similar ideas were shared by the Progressives of the early 1900 s? 5) Which groups of people were not helped by the Progressive Movement of the 1900 s?

16 th Amendment

16 th Amendment-Income Tax 1913 2007

th 17 Amendment-Direct Elections of United States Senators Hillary Clinton D-NY Charles Schumer D-NY

Before Election Day-They Were th Elected by the 17 Amendment President Elect Barack Obama and Vice President Elect Joe Biden before November 4, 2008 were United States Senators from Illinois and Delaware.

18 th Amendment-Prohibition The 18 th Amendment was passed in 1918. This amendment made it illegal to buy/sell alcohol in the United States. It is the only amendment to have ever been repealed. That amendment was the 21 st Amendment passed in 1933.

Prohibition Fails

19 th Amendment Women received the right to vote in 1919. This is due to the fact that many women were helpful in the development and the settlement of the western United States. Next year, the 19 th Amendment will celebrate its 90 th anniversary.

Helped by the 19 th Amendment

3. 2 The Muckrackers • • • In the early 1900 s, certain progressive writers called muckrackers pointed out the need for reform by highlighting corruption in American life. The main target for the muckrackers was big business and industry. The major writers of the muckracking movement were: a) Ida Tarbell wrote History of the Standard Oil Company which exposed the ruthless business practices of John Rockefeller. b) Lincoln Steffens wrote The Shame of the Cities. This novel showed the corruption which was taking place in city governments throughout the United States. c) Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle. This novel exposed the conditions of working in a meat packing plant. 6) What was the job of muckrackers? 7) Who was the biggest target for muckrackers of the early 1900 s? 8) Who were the major authors of the muckrackers?

Ida Tarbell

Lincoln Steffens

Upton Sinclair

Jacob Riis

3. 3 Progressivism at the Local Level • The Progressive Movement first appeared on the local levels of government around 1900. • The Progressives concentrated their effort on city government, which at the time, was being controlled by corrupt city bosses. • The bosses controlled the voters, whose job it was to elect a mayor and a city council. • Other important jobs were filled by supporters of the bosses through the spoils system. These officials often favored big business and in return, these officials received large sums of money.

• • The Progressives wanted to end the rule of the bosses. One way was to change the form of city government. In 1901, a new form of government called the commission system was established in Galveston, Texas. This allowed for different people to have a role in government rather than having the mayor control the government. In Galveston, people elected a five-member commission which would control a different area of the government. Soon after, 400 American cities followed this pattern. In Stanton, Virginia, the city manager form of government was established. Under this government, a manager was hired by the city council to take care of city business. Soon after, forty more cities had this style of government. 9) What did the Progressives seek to change at the local level? How did they plan to accomplish this? 10) How does the city-manager system differ from the commission form of city government?

Progressives End the Boss System William Tweed, seen here, was the boss of NYC politics. Bosses basically made the decisions for elections and jobs. The Progressive Movement ended the concept of the boss system for good.

City Government Models

3. 4 Progressivism at the State Level • • Progressivism was also evident at the state level of government. In 1900, Robert La. Follette was elected governor of Wisconsin. Under his administration, La. Follette made many progressive changes in government, including: a) The Direct Primary b) Worker’s Compensation c) Regulation of the railroads d) Graduated income tax Other states such as New York, New Jersey, Iowa, Missouri and California also passed progressive reforms. In 1902, Oregon adopted the initiative and referendum. By 1918, 20 other states had adopted these ideas. 11) Who was the leader of the Progressive Movement on the state level? 12) What ideas did La. Follette add to the government of Wisconsin?

Robert La. Follette, the governor of Wisconsin, is considered to be the father of the Progressive Movement. In Wisconsin, La. Follette's Wisconsin Plan believed in the following ideas: a-direct primary b-workmen's compensation c-regulation of the railroads d-income tax La. Follette also believed the power of the government should rest in the hands of the people.

Referendum

Proposition 8 Referendum

Michael Bloomberg

Recalls

Review Questions • For what groups of people did life grow worse during the Progressive Era? • Who were some of the muckrackers of the early 1900 s? • What was the major area to receive attention from progressives at the local level? • In which states were the progressives most active in reforming government?