Aim What Is Immunity Aim What Is Immunity

Aim: What Is Immunity?

Aim: What Is Immunity? Do Now: Complete the Review sheet on the parts of the blood.

Aim: What Is Immunity? Do Now: Complete the Review sheet on the parts of the blood. • Immunity – the ability of a body to resist disease – *Disease disturbs homeostasis

Immune system – The immune system restores homeostasis by fighting invaders (pathogens/microbes/antigens) or cancer cells

Immune system – The immune system restores homeostasis by fighting invaders (pathogens/microbes/antigens) or cancer cells

What Causes disease?

Antigen • any foreign substance which invades the body and cause the immune system to respond

Antigen • any foreign substance which invades the body and cause the immune system to respond • Ex. Pathogens/Microbes – an organism that invades the body causing disease. (viruses, bacteria, fungus, parasites)

How does the body respond to antigens/pathogens/germs etc. ?

Immune Response – The reaction of the immune system to the presence of foreign cells or molecules.

Types of White Blood Cells and Immune Response • A. Phagocyte (White blood Cell) • B. Lymphocyte (White blood Cell) – B-cells – T-cells • C. Mark and Kill

Phagocyte Phagocytosis

Phagocyte Phagocytosis

Phagocyte • (White Blood Cell)

Phagocyte White Blood Cell) - engulfs (eat) bacterial invader, foreign substances and cancer cells • (

Phagocyte White Blood Cell) - engulfs (eat) bacterial invader, foreign substances and cancer cells • (

Lymphoctye (White Blood Cell) • B-cell – produces antibodies and memory cells to destroy the antigen

Lymphoctye (White Blood Cell) • B-cell – produces antibodies and memory cells to destroy the antigen

Lymphoctye (White Blood Cell) • B-cell - produces antibodies and memory cells to destroy the antigen - Antibodies - a Y shaped protein, produced by the immune system that either attacks invading pathogens or marks them for killing by other white blood cells.

Lymphoctye (White Blood Cell) • B-cell - produces antibodies and memory cells to destroy the antigen - Antibodies - a Y shaped protein, produced by the immune system that either attacks invading pathogens or marks them for killing by other white blood cells.

• Antibodies – a Y shaped protein, produced by the immune system that either attacks invading pathogens or marks them for killing by other white blood cells. • *Antibodies have a specific shape to destroy a specific antigen.

• Antibodies – a Y shaped protein, produced by the immune system that either attacks invading pathogens or marks them for killing by other white blood cells. • *Antibodies have a specific shape to destroy a specific antigen.

*Antibodies have a specific shape to destroy a specific antigen.

Lymphoctye (White Blood Cell) • *Antibodies have a specific shape to destroy a specific antigen

Lymphoctye (White Blood Cell) • *Antibodies have a specific shape to destroy a specific antigen

Lymphoctye (White Blood Cell) • *Antibodies have a specific shape to destroy a specific antigen

Lymphoctye (White Blood Cell) • T-cells – produces killer T cells and memory cells

Lymphoctye (White Blood Cell) • T-cells – produces killer T cells and memory cells

Lymphoctye (White Blood Cell) • T-cells – produces killer T cells and memory cells

Mark and Kill

Mark and Kill • A. The antibody marks or attaches itself to the antigen, which acts as a signal for other white blood cells.

Mark and Kill • A. The antibody marks or attaches itself to the antigen, which acts as a signal for other white blood cells. • B. Other white blood cells come and destroy/kill the antigen.

Mark and Kill • A. The antibody marks or attaches itself to the antigen, which acts as a signal for other white blood cells. • B. Other white blood cells come and destroy/kill the antigen.

Mark and Kill • A. The antibody marks or attaches itself to the antigen, which acts as a signal for other white blood cells. • B. Other white blood cells come and destroy/kill the antigen.

Aim: How does our immune system remember a disease? Do Now: Complete the work sheet on immune responses.

Do you remember Mr. Chicken pox?

What did it look like when you had it?

What did it look like when you had it?

Primary Immune Response

Primary Immune Response • The body’s initial response to an antigen;

Primary Immune Response • The body’s initial response to an antigen; • Does not produce a lot of antibodies

Primary Immune Response • The body’s initial response to an antigen; • Does not produce a lot of antibodies • Slow response (10 – 15 days)

Secondary Immune Response • a rapid response by the immune system when it encounters the same antigen a second time in the body;

Secondary Immune Response • a rapid response by the immune system when it encounters the same antigen a second time in the body; • produces high levels of antibodies; so you will not get the same virus again

Secondary Immune Response • a rapid response by the immune system when it encounters the same antigen a second time in the body; • produces high levels of antibodies; so you will not get the same virus again • Fast response (1 -2 days)

Immune System Memory 1. When organisms are exposed to disease, they make specific ____ which destroy that antigen during their first exposure to it.

Immune System Memory 1. When organisms are exposed to disease, they make specific _antibodies_ which destroy that antigen during their first exposure to it.

Immune System Memory 1. When organisms are exposed to disease, they make specific _antibodies_ which destroy that antigen during their first exposure to it. 2. This first exposure to a disease and our making of antibodies to defend ourselves is sometimes called the ______.

Immune System Memory 1. When organisms are exposed to disease, they make specific _antibodies_ which destroy that antigen during their first exposure to it. 2. This first exposure to a disease and our making of antibodies to defend ourselves is sometimes called the _primary_ _immune_ _response_.

Immune System Memory 1. When organisms are exposed to disease, they make specific _antibodies_ which destroy that antigen during their first exposure to it. 2. This first exposure to a disease and our making of antibodies to defend ourselves is sometimes called the _primary_ _immune_ _response_. 3. Our immune system has a _____. This means that if we are ever exposed to that same particular disease/antigen again, our immune system remembers and makes ______ so rapidly in response to another exposure that we do not get the disease again.

Immune System Memory 1. When organisms are exposed to disease, they make specific _antibodies_ which destroy that antigen during their first exposure to it. 2. This first exposure to a disease and our making of antibodies to defend ourselves is sometimes called the _primary_ _immune_ _response_. 3. Our immune system has a memory. This means that if we are ever exposed to that same particular disease/antigen again, our immune system remembers and makes _antibodies_ so rapidly in response to another exposure that we do not get the disease again.

Immune System Memory 2. This first exposure to a disease and our making of antibodies to defend ourselves is sometimes called the _primary_ _immune_ _response_. 3. Our immune system has a memory. This means that if we are ever exposed to that same particular disease/antigen again, our immune system remembers and makes _antibodies_ so rapidly in response to another exposure that we do not get the disease again. 4. This rapid response to the antigen is sometimes called the __________ _____.

Immune System Memory 2. This first exposure to a disease and our making of antibodies to defend ourselves is sometimes called the _primary_ _immune_ _response_. 3. Our immune system has a memory. This means that if we are ever exposed to that same particular disease/antigen again, our immune system remembers and makes _antibodies_ so rapidly in response to another exposure that we do not get the disease again. 4. This rapid response to the antigen is sometimes called the _Secondary_ _Immune_ _Response_.

Do you always have to get the disease before your body can make antibodies against it? and How can you protect yourself from getting a disease?

Vaccination

Vaccination

Vaccination • Weakened or dead microbe or virus

Vaccination • Weakened or dead microbe or virus • It can no longer cause disease

Vaccination • Weakened or dead microbe or virus • It can no longer cause disease • The immune system responds to it as it would to the pathogen and produces antibodies or killer Tcells

Vaccination • Weakened or dead microbe or virus • It can no longer cause disease • The immune system responds to it as it would to the pathogen and produces antibodies or killer Tcells • The body is now immune to the disease without actually suffering through it

Types of Immunity • A. Active Immunity • B. Passive Immunity

Types of Immunity • Active immunity – – a type of immunity in which the body produces its own antibodies to attack a particular antigen

Types of Immunity • Active immunity – – a type of immunity in which the body produces its own antibodies to attack a particular antigen – Long Term Immunity

Types of Immunity • Active immunity – – a type of immunity in which the body produces its own antibodies to attack a particular antigen – For Example: • Exposure to disease –

Types of Immunity • Active immunity – – a type of immunity in which the body produces its own antibodies to attack a particular antigen – For Example: • Exposure to disease - disease (chicken pox) causes a production of antibodies in the blood, and protection against a second infection by the same organism

Types of Immunity • Active immunity – – a type of immunity in which the body produces its own antibodies to attack a particular antigen – For Example: • Exposure to disease - disease (chicken pox) causes a production of antibodies in the blood, and protection against a second infection by the same organism • Vaccines – stimulate antibody production against a specific virus/disease

Types of Immunity • Passive immunity

Types of Immunity • Passive immunity

Types of Immunity • Passive immunity – a type of immunity that is acquired when a person receives antibodies from the blood of another person or animal, to attack a particular antigen

Types of Immunity • Passive immunity – a type of immunity that is acquired when a person receives antibodies from the blood of another person or animal, to attack a particular antigen • For Example: – Maternal Immunity –antibodies from mom’s blood enters baby’s blood before birth and during breast feeding

Types of Immunity • Passive immunity – a type of immunity that is acquired when a person receives antibodies from the blood of another person or animal, to attack a particular antigen • For Example: – Maternal Immunity –antibodies from mom’s blood enters baby’s blood before birth and during breast feeding – Short term/Temporary or “borrowed” immunity

Types of Immunity • Passive immunity – a type of immunity that is acquired when a person receives antibodies from the blood of another person or animal, to attack a particular antigen • For Example: – Maternal Immunity –antibodies from mom’s blood enters baby’s blood before birth and during breast feeding – Short term/Temporary or “borrowed” immunity – The “borrowed” antibodies are slowly destroyed by the body’s immune system.

Malfunctions of the Immune System

Aim: What is Aids? • Do Now: Complete the quiz on Aids, How much do you know?

What does HIV stand for?

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) or Human Immune Deficiency Virus

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that severely damages the immune system by infecting and destroying certain white blood cells.

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that severely damages the immune system by infecting and destroying certain white blood cells. HIV leads to/causes AIDS.

What does AIDS stand for?

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) - is the final stage of a series of diseases resulting from HIV.

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) - is the final stage of a series of diseases resulting from HIV. It is a condition that weakens the body's immune system, leaving it unable to fight off illness.

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) - is the final stage of a series of diseases resulting from HIV. It is a condition that weakens the body's immune system, leaving it unable to fight off illness. Such as: pneumonia, cancer or other diseases that do not usually cause death.

What are the causes of HIV?

Causes • Unprotected sexual contact with an infected person

Causes • Unprotected sexual contact with an infected person • Transmission from an infected woman to her fetus or baby

Causes • Unprotected sexual contact with an infected person • Transmission from an infected woman to her fetus or baby • Through needle sharing among intravenous drug users

How is HIV spread?

How is HIV spread? • HIV is spread by:

How is HIV spread? • HIV is spread by: – Blood,

How is HIV spread? • HIV is spread by: – Blood, semen,

How is HIV spread? • HIV is spread by: – Blood, semen, vaginal fluid,

How is HIV spread? • HIV is spread by: – Blood, semen, vaginal fluid, and breast milk of infected individuals.

Immune system disorders

• Allergy – a condition in which a person’s immune system reacts to an environmental substance that is normally harmless. • Examples: foods, pollen, pets

• Histamine – a chemical that is released when the immune system reacts to an allergy. • Histamines cause people to have a runny nose, sneezing, swelling and rashes.

Solution – Medication Antihistamine – a substance that reduces the effects of histamines and the symptoms they cause