Aim How do historians study global history Part
Aim: How do historians study global history? Part ONE Do Now: Your friend was recently responsible for a car accident on Queens Blvd by running a red light. No one was hurt, and your friend wasn’t charged. Your friend swears that it will never happen again. Would you trust your friend enough to let him/her drive you? NY State Standards 2 Common Core RS 1, 6, WS 2
I What is history? A) History tells the chronological story of events of our human past. Chronology: Events that happen in order of time, from past to present. A timeline is used to show chronology. AD = Anno Domini “In The Year of Our Lord” BC = Before Christ Instead of using these religious terms, historians also can use CE = Common Era BCE = Before the Common Era 1 BC/ 1 BCE Answer the following on your handout: 1. Julius Caesar died in 44 BCE. How many years ago did he die? 2. Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed on the moon in 1969. How many years ago did they land on the moon? 1 AD/1 CE
What is history? Continued… 1. Julius Caesar died in 44 BCE. How many years ago did he die? Answer: 44 + 2013 = 2057 years ago 2. Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed on the moon in 1969. How many years ago did they land on the moon? Answer: 2013 – 1969 = 44 years ago
I What is history? Continued… B) Global History examines the past from a global, rather than an American perspective. Why do the Vietnamese refer to the Vietnam war as the American War?
Collaborate! With a partner, try to think of ways in which events in history can help inform us (or even warn us) about the present.
II What can history tell us about the present? A) Patterns can help us make predictions about the future, and hopefully help us prevent future mistakes. Example: Hitler ordered an invasion of the USSR in June of 1941. His campaign failed miserably due to exhaustion and lack of preparation for the harsh Soviet winter. If he had studied history, he would have known that Napoleon had invaded Russia in 1812… and failed for similar reasons! B) Current Events can only be understood by knowing the historical events that led up to the present day. Example: Israelis and Palestinians are fighting over land in the Middle East. Some people believe this conflict began in 1948 when Israel first became a nation. However, historians would tell you that Jews and Muslims have fought over the land of Israel for over 1000 years! C) History shows how we are connected Example: Look at your neighbor. Say hi. You’re cousins! ALL modern humans can trace their origins to a single woman in Eastern Africa approximately 200, 000 years ago.
III Types of Documents (written sources) 1. Primary Sources: Original materials from an historical event (diaries, photographs, letters, autobiographies, etc…) 2. Secondary Sources: Secondhand materials (textbooks, biographies, etc…) Which sources are primary?
IV Analyzing Historical Sources Historical Analysis: The method of examining evidence to come to an understanding of the past. A) Historians must determine if sources have BIAS (personal opinion). Bias is often expressed in the following ways: ü Language that is overly positive or negative ü Author intentionally adds, emphasizes, or leaves out information that does NOT support their argument “Cheese is rotten milk. It often smells like worn socks. Cheese is the worst food to ever exist in the history of mankind. ” - Ms. Glass 2020 1. What biased language is Ms. Glass using? 2. What information did she leave out about cheese that would not have supported her argument?
Activity: Contextualizing You are looking at a photo of a young girl. You have no information about who she was. 1. Who do you think she may have been? How do you think she died? 2. What other information do you need to know?
B) Analyzing Historical Sources: Context 1. Historical Context: the 2. Geographical Context : Where events that led to an event; a historical event took place and includes the time period why it took place there. and larger historical trends ü Where did it happen? as well as causes. ü What geographic features were ü When/where did it happen? ü What previous events led to it? ü What else was going on at the time that the source was written? nearby? How did those features affect how it happened? ü What regions were nearby? What was the relationship between those regions?
Contextualizing Continued… Historical Context: The Incan empire conquered western South America 1400 - 1533 CE. It was the largest empire in the Americas. They were polytheistic (believed in many gods) and practiced human sacrifice to please the gods. Geographical Context: The Incan empire went from the western coast of modern Peru and Ecuador to the Andes mountains and even the rain forest further east. The image you looked at earlier is of a young Incan girl who died over 500 years ago. Now that you have some historical and geographical context, add to her story. Who do you think she was? How and why did she die?
Exit Ticket: Choose One Answer in a few sentences. A) Does the news usually provide historical and/or geographical context? B) Are they usually biased or objective (without bias)?
Key Vocabulary �AD �Analysis �BCE �Bias �CE �Chronology �Geographical Context �Global History �Historical Context �History �Objective �Primary Sources �Secondary Sources �Sourcing
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