AIM HOW DID TOUSSAINT LOUVERTURE ASSIST IN THE

AIM: HOW DID TOUSSAINT L’OUVERTURE, ASSIST IN THE LATIN AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT?

a. Latin American society was divided into 6 CLASSES OF PEOPLE. 1. Peninsulares-born in Spain. 2. Creoles/Spaniards- born in Latin America. 3. Mestizos-Natives who had mixed European and Indian ancestry. 4. Mulattos- Natives who had with mixed European and African ancestry. 5. Africans-Slaves 6. Indians-Slaves b. Early 1800 s, colonial peoples in Latin America fought for independence. I. SOCIAL INEQUALITY

WHAT IS NATIONALISM? HOW CAN NATIONALISM LEAD TO REVOLUTION? NATIONALISM: Belief that people should be loyal to their nation: people with whom they share a common culture, language, and history.

a. French colony exported coffee, sugar, cocoa, and indigo. 1. 90% of the Haitian population were slaves and worked on plantations.

b. PIERRE TOUSSAINT L’OUVERTURE 1. Ex-slave, led a successful slave uprising, Napoleon of France sent troops to repress revolt. 2. Defeated Napoleon’s army, however he is captured and imprisoned by Napoleon. 3. Jean-Jacques Dessalines a former slave, led Haitians to victory, and Haiti becomes a FREE REPUBLIC & FIRST INDEPENDENT STATE in Latin America in January 1, 1804.

Did Simon Bolivar and Miguel Hidalgo attempt to unite Latin America using the ideals of the French Revolution?

What would it be like if you lived under repressive colonial rule and worked as laborers on a farm? How would you feel and what would you do when you heard a revolution was coming and you would be free from domination by a foreign imperial power?

I. SOUTH AMERICA a. 1808 - Joseph Bonaparte became king of Spain, Simon Bolivar became governor of Venezuela and declared independence from Spain. b. 1813 -Bolivar liberates Venezuela. c. 1819 - Bolívar founded Gran Colombia (Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, & Ecuador) named Bolívar president.

d. José de San Martín & Bernardo O’Higgins helped free Chile, Argentina, and Peru. e. Both eliminated Spain's presence in South America.

2. During Simon Bolivar’s “Address to the Congress of Venezuela”, he referenced the enlightenment thinker Rousseau’s quote “Liberty is a succulent morsel, but one difficult to digest. . . ”. In a paragraph, Explain the meaning of this statement? Please include facts from the reading to support your answers

II. MEXICO a. 1810 - Miguel Hidalgo, Creole priest led a revolt against Spanish rule. b. “Cry of Dolores, ” set off the Mexican War of Independence.

c. 1811 - Hidalgo was executed. d. Jose Morelos continued the revolution and was executed in 1815. e. 1821 - Treaty of Cordoba forced Spain to recognize Mexican independence.

JOURNAL ENTRY Simon Bolivar, Toussaint L’Ouverture and Father Miguel Hidalgo are all national heroes in their respective countries. Choose one of the leaders and in 2 -3 paragraphs explain why the man is a beloved figure in their homeland.