Aim How did early industrialization change the U

Aim: How did early industrialization change the U. S. ? Aim: How did early industrialization affect the US?

Do Now §What factors will lead to a nation’s economy increasing? §Which factor do you feel is the most important in expanding the economy? Aim: How did early industrialization affect the US?

Factors of Production u $$$$, capital u Natural Resources/Land u Technology – inventions – improvements u Labor Force/Population u Political Stability u Transportation System Aim: How did early industrialization affect the US?

Transportation Systems § “Turnpikes” § National Road (Cumberland Road) § Md. To Ilinois § AJ famous veto of Maysville rd. Aim: How did early industrialization affect the US?

Fulton Steamship- Clermont § § § Effects? ? ? Faster (4 days to 1 day for Albany to NYC) Decreased reliance on wind Steady times Increased horsepower=more load Aim: How did early industrialization affect the US?

Canals § Purpose § Connect rivers § Create water highway system § Transportation of goods § Benefits? § Erie Canal Aim: How did early industrialization affect the US?

Aim: How did early industrialization affect the US?

Travel along Erie Canal Method Amount of Time Cost Dirt Road Wagon 8 horses 15 -45 Days Canal Line boat 2 mules 9 Days $100 Ton $6 Ton Aim: How did early industrialization affect the US?

Impact of Erie Canal § Document C: State of New York Report on The Barge Canal § § New York City was ranked fourth in population in 1800 rose to first place. . . Albany doubled its population within a few years. The population of Utica increased from 3, 000 to 13, 000 in twenty years. Syracuse, which was described as a "desolate" hamlet of a few scattered wooden houses in 1820, became a city of 11, 000 in 1840. During approximately the same period, Rochester changed from "one wide and deep forest" to a prosperous community of 20, 000. Buffalo, a wilderness outpost of 200 in 1812, became a gateway to the west and its population reached 18, 000 by 1840. § State of New York Report on The Barge Canal, Legislative Document 1961 Aim: How did early industrialization affect the US?

In the years before the Erie Canal, most of the agricultural products from the Old Northwest and the Ohio Valley (with the exception of those from Northern Ohio) went south, down the Mississippi River to New Orleans. In the 1830 s, however, with a waterway extending to the Atlantic, trade started to go east, with the tonnage of staples more than doubling between 1826 and 1835. Flour was particularly important to the development of New York Aim: How did early industrialization affect the US?

Impact of Erie Canal § NYC becomes NYC!!!!! § Trade hub § Population explosion § § Decreased importance of New Orleans “Breadbasket of the World” for Midwest Huge economic impact for entire country International trade increases dramatically Aim: How did early industrialization affect the US?

Aim: How did early industrialization affect the US?

Railroads § Came to US in 1828 § Positives of RR § cheap, large loads § Almost unlimited capacity § Speed § Few workers for the capacity § reliable? § Alternative to canals § Can get to the interior, not bound by the waterway system § Usefulness in war Aim: (last slides will tell) How did early industrialization affect the US? § Safe?

Aim: How did early industrialization affect the US?

Why so dangerous? ? § § § Manual brakes Open fires Track gauge Bridge construction One track (except for the station!!!) Time zones!!!!! § Every local town had their own time zone!!! § What times do the conductors use? ? ? OOPS! Aim: How did early industrialization affect the US?

Transportation/ Communication inventions § Charles Goodyear§ vulcanization of rubber (tires) § Samuel Morse§ telegraph Aim: How did early industrialization affect the US? § Cyrus Field§ transatlantic cable (1858) § § § Clipper ships Pony Express Pullman- “Sleeping Palace” train cars

Eli Whitney- Cotton Gin- 1794 § Made cotton profitable Aim: How did early industrialization affect the US? § 4 slaves in 1 day, now 1 man in 1 hr. !!!! § Led to huge need for slave labor § It still had to be picked!! § Made America an exporting power § 1790 - 1, 500 lbs. on U. S § 1848 - over 1, 000 lbs. § How does the whole country benefit from the mass production of cotton? § Led to Industrial growth in North to manufacture the cotton to finished products

Textile Mills § Isaac Singer- Sewing Machine § Samuel Slater- “Father of the American Factory System”, or “Slater the Traitor” § “Rhode Island System”- homes/child labor § Lowell Mass. § “Lowell girls” § 75% of workforce/73 hr. work week/camps § 1 st large scale women in workforce § Water Power § Watermills Aim: How did early industrialization affect the US?

Deere Steel Plow § § § Sped up farming Expanded farming seasons Increased available farming acreage § Western soil was hard/sticky, broke the wood plows Aim: How did early industrialization affect the US?

Mc. Cormick’s Reaper v. Harvesting wheat becomes 12 x faster v 1 man ½ acre a day v 2 man team 12 acres a day Aim: How did early industrialization affect the US?

Political Stability § § § “Era of Good Feelings” American System Nationalistic Pride following War of 1812 Aim: How did early industrialization affect the US?

US Population (in millions) Aim: How did early industrialization affect the US?

US Immigration-Early 1800’s § Where they came from § Ireland, Germany, England § Why they came? § $$, Cheap land, religion etc. § Irish famine § Failure of German democratic revolution Aim: How did early industrialization affect the US?

Aim: How did early industrialization affect the US?

Irish Immigration § Potato famine 1845 -1849 § 1/4 Ireland population dead § About 1 million came to US in 1840’s § Population today is still about 1/2 than 1840 (1840 - 8. 5 million…. 2012 - 4. 5 million) § Came and settled in NE cities § NYC and Boston § Very poor, ill-educated, low skill, low paying jobs § “Biddies and Paddies” § Took away jobs from “factory girls” (textile mills) § No Irish Need Apply! Aim: How did early industrialization affect the US?

German Immigration § German 48’ers § Came to NE cities, but had more $$ than the Irish, so they came westward for the cheap land § German Midwest- Wisconsin, Michigan, Indiana § better educated, kindergarten, artistic, antislavery § Less political influence than Irish Aim: How did early industrialization affect the US?

Anti-Immigration-Nativists Ø Why they resented immigrants l l l They took the jobs Irish Roman Catholicism Cultural differences Bossism and political power of the Irish They were blamed for the cities problems • Poverty • Crime Ø drunkenness dirty squalor Know-Nothings (American Party) l Wanted restrictions on immigration/naturalization Aim: How did early industrialization affect the US?

Women in the Workplace-Early 1800’s 10% of women worked n n Domestic servants Sewers “Lowell Girls” n n Teachers nurses Most left the workforce when they got married Aim: How did early industrialization affect the US?

Cult of Domesticity Ø Or “Cult of True Womanhood” (Republican Motherhood) Ø 4 cardinal virtues l l Piety Purity Submission Domesticity Aim: How did early industrialization affect the US?