AIM HOW DID COMMUNISM INFLUENCE CHINA I THE

AIM: HOW DID COMMUNISM INFLUENCE CHINA?

I. THE CHINESE REVOLUTION OF 1911 a. Sun Yat-sen led the Chinese Revolution of 1911. China became more westernized. b. Three Principles of the People were: NATIONALISM, SOCIALISM, AND DEMOCRACY. c. Nationalism would help unite the people against foreign interests and give them a Chinese identity; socialism would lead to greater economic equality, especially land redistribution; and democracy would lead to the ability of the Chinese people to chart their own future.

II. CHIANG KAI-SHEK a. Chiang Kai-shek, established the Kuomintang as the ruling party in China. b. Throughout the 1920’s and the 1930’s, two forces wreaked havoc on Chiang’s plans. The Japanese invaded Manchuria in the 1930’s. The Communists in China allied with Russia. c. The Communists joined the Kuomintang in its fight against the Japanese, but at the same time were bitter rivals of the Kuomintang in the struggle to control the future of China.

III. RISE OF COMMUNISM 1. A CIVIL WAR was fought for four years. 2. 1949 - COMMUNISTS were led by MAO ZEDONG. 3. The KUOMINTANG fled to the island of TAIWAN, where they established the REPUBLIC OF CHINA. 4. Communists named mainland China the PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA.

IV. MAO TSE-TUNG 1. Collectivized agriculture and industry. 2. Steel production grew rapidly. 3. 1950’s- GREAT LEAP FORWARD: in which huge communes were created and the plan aimed at using mainland China's supply of cheap labor to rapidly industrialize the country. 4. The successes of Mao’s early reforms of the fifties however were erased, and agriculture and industry failed to produce results.

5. The period between 1959 and 1961, in which a combination of poor economic policies and rounds of natural disasters caused widespread famine was known as the “THREE YEARS OF DISASTER. ” 6. The lack of production and food caused a massive starvation caused over 15 million deaths in three years. The Chinese economy was in disarray. 7. The first problem he attempted to fix was the military. China also introduced elements of capitalism that seemed to help the economy. 8. 1964 - China successfully tested its first atomic bomb giving them nuclear powers.

V. THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION 1. Universities were shut down for four years. 2. Students and faculty worked in the fields. 3. Anyone who opposed were arrested or killed. 4. New curriculum included only Communist studies and vocational training. 5. Mao Tse-tung died in 1976, and was replaced by Deng Xiaoping.

Journal Entry Was the Cultural Revolution an aberrant event, unique to China during the 1960 s and 1970 s or is it the type of historical movement that can happen (or has happened) in other times and other places? If it is a unique event, what are the characteristics that make it so? If more universal, what aspects of the Cultural Revolution make it possible that it could happen again in some other historical context?

1. Deng Xiaoping seized power and the Cultural Revolution ended. 2. Four Modernizations SAID S: Science and Technology A: Agriculture I: industry D: Defense 3. Tried to advance China because they had been isolated for so long 4. Thousands of students were sent abroad to study science, technology, and modern business techniques. VI. DENG XIAOPING

5. Collective farms could now lease lands to peasant families who paid rent. 6. Peasants could now make profit on produce- combining capitalism with communism.

VII. RESULTS 1. PLAN WORKED : industry began to rise. Per capita income increased, by 1990 s more people could afford refrigerators, radios, watches. Many people however complained that Deng’s program failed to achieve democracy. 2. Those who fought for democracy were often sentenced to long terms in prison. 3. Students brought western ideas from their study abroad, challenged communism and in the 1980 s it led to pressure from students for better living conditions and more freedom to choose jobs.

IX. TIANANMEN SQUARE A. MAY 1989 -STUDENT PROTESTS called for an end to CORRUPTION and the resignation of CHINA’S COMMUNIST LEADERS. These demands received widespread support from the people in the cities and led to massive demonstrations in TIANANMEN SQUARE in Beijing. Deng ordered tanks and troops into Tiananmen Square to crush the demonstrators. This was known as the TIANANMEN SQUARE MASSACRE. Democracy remained a dream, HUNDREDS OF PEOPLE WERE KILLED AND THIS WAS SEEN AS A VIOLATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS.

Journal Entry The Tiananmen Square Massacre was a human rights violation. The twentieth century has had many violations of human rights. List THREE other human rights violations of the 20 th century.