Aim How and why do organisms reproduce Why

Aim How and why do organisms reproduce?

Why do organisms Reproduce? • Reproduction is necessary for continuation of the species.

Types of Animal Reproduction • Asexual ( 1 - parent) • Sexual (2 -parents)

Asexual Reproduction • Binary Fission • Budding • Fragmentation (Mitosis)

Binary Fission Parent has 4 chromosomes 4 4 4 Each offspring also has 4 chromosomes • The separation of one parent into two or more individuals of approximately the same size (Mitosis)

Binary Fission in amoeba

Budding • Process in which an offspring is produced by the outgrowth of an existing parent Yeast (Mitosis-identical replication)

Budding in yeast

Fragmentation • Is the breaking of a body piece which develops into a exact complete adult Starfish

Cloning • From one parent • Creates identical genetic copies • Mitosis • Cloning has been accomplished with sheep and pigs

Sexual Reproduction • It involves two parents that produces offspring that are not identical to parent • DNA comes from Mom and Dad

Sperm and Egg • Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of sperm and egg • Sperm or egg is also referred to as gametes Fertilization

Gametes • Male gamete. Sperm • Female gamete. Egg

Asexual reproduction of organisms normally results in new organisms that contain cells with 1. more chromosomes than are found in the cells of the parent 2. half the number of chromosomes 3. the same number of chromosomes 4. fewer chromosomes that are found in the cells of the parent

The diagrams represent a cell process. If the cell in Diagram 1 contains 4 chromosomes, what is the total number of chromosomes in each cell in Diagram 3? 1. 8 2. 2 3. 16 4. 4

Which phrases best identify characteristics of asexual reproduction? 1. one parent, union of gametes, offspring similar to but not genetically identical to the parent 2. one parent, no union of gametes, offspring genetically identical to parents 3. two parents, union of gametes, offspring similar to but not genetically identical to parents 4. two parents, no union of gametes, offspring genetically identical to parents

One way to produce large numbers of genetically identical offspring is by 1. cloning 2. fertilization 3. changing genes by agents such as radiation or chemicals 4. inserting a DNA segment into a different DNA molecule