Aim Could WWI have been avoided The World

Aim: Could WWI have been avoided? The World in 1914

The Balkans at the Start of WWI 1914

I MAIN Causes Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism Militarism: Glorification and expansion of the military ü Franco-Prussian War (1870 – 1871). Bismarck provoked the war with the doctored Ems Telegram. Bismarck’s creation of a unified Germany led to the creation of new alliances in Europe. üArms Race: As one country increased its armies, so all the others increased their armed forces to keep the ‘balance of power’.

Militarism: Arms Race Countries such as Germany and Britain engaged in an arms race to produce the most powerful armies through invention and mass production of weapons.

Big guns are finished at Elswick, England. At the outbreak of war, the British and French had virtually no large artillery, unlike Germany. Realizing this, British and French war industries worked furiously to catch up.

Key Alliances To increase their own nations’ security, European powers signed treaties with one another alliances. Alliances are agreements between nations stating that each country will assist the other if they are attacked. On the verge of WWI, there were 2 large alliances. ü The Triple Entente: United Kingdom (Britain), France, and Russia. ü Russia was allied with some Slavic countries in the Balkans including Serbia. ü The Triple Alliance (Central Powers): Germany, Austria. Hungary, and Italy. As the war continued, the Ottoman Empire joined this group and Italy left this alliance to join the Triple Entente.

Imperialism Increased Tension Between European Nations

Imperialism Continued… The Russo-Japanese War: (1904 – 1905) Japan and Russia fought for control of Manchuria in NE China. U. S. President Theodore Roosevelt mediated peace at Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Japan won and became the first non-Western world power to seek imperial expansion.

Nationalism ü Nationalism is an extreme form of patriotism and loyalty to one’s country. ü Nationalism made the ethnic groups ruled by the Ottoman Empire (such as the Romanians) and by Austria-Hungary (such as the Serbs) want to be sovereign.

Nationalism: Pan-Slavism in the Balkans Serbia had became independent in 1878, but in 1900 many Serbs were still ruled by the Ottoman Empire and Austria. Hungary.

The Keg Blows “Archduke Francis Ferdinand traveled to Sarajevo in June 1914 to inspect the imperial armed forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina, former Ottoman territories in the Balkan region that were annexed by Austria-Hungary in 1908 to the indignation of Serbian nationalists… On June 28, 1914, Ferdinand Sophie were touring Sarajevo in an open car, when Serbian nationalist Nedjelko Cabrinovic threw a bomb; it rolled off the back of the vehicle and wounded an officer and some bystanders. Later that day, 19 -year-old Gavrilo Princip fired into the car, shooting Franz Ferdinand Sophie at point-blank range. Princip then turned the gun on himself, but was prevented from shooting it by a bystander who threw himself upon the young assassin. A mob attacked Princip, who was taken by the police. Meanwhile, Ferdinand Sophie both died within the hour. The assassination of Franz-Ferdinand Sophie set off a rapid chain of events… Austria-Hungary blamed the Serbian government. As Russia supported Serbia, an Austro-Hungarian declaration of war was delayed until its leaders received assurances from Kaiser Wilhelm that Germany would support their cause in the event of a Russian intervention–which would likely involve Russia's ally, France, and possibly Britain as well. On July 28, Austria. Hungary declared war on Serbia. Within a week, Russia, Belgium, France, Great Britain and Serbia had lined up against Austria-Hungary and Germany, and World War I had begun. ” –www. history. com

The Keg Blows Continued… Gavrilo Princep, a member of the “Black Hand” (a secret Slavic nationalist group) Archduke Ferdinand & Family üAustria-Hungary gave Serbia an ultimatum: Serbia must let A-H officials into the country to stop all violent, nationalist movements, and Serbia must let A-H officials investigate the assassination. Serbia said: NO üJuly 28, 1914 = A-H declared war on Serbia üBoth countries started mobilization = preparing the military for war.

1914

Summary Questions 1. How was Militarism a cause of WWI? Alliances? Imperialism? Nationalism? 2. Which cause do you think was the most important? Why? 3. Why did the assassination of the Archduke “spark the match”? 4. Could WWI have been avoided? 5. There are many definitions of terrorism. The F. B. I uses this definition: “The unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a Government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives. ” Based on the information in the reading and this definition of terrorism, evaluate whether the Black Hand was a terrorist group, and whether Gavrilo Princip was a terrorist. 6. Given the severe consequences of their actions, was the Black Hand justified in assassinating the Archduke and Archduchess? How else might the Black Hand have addressed its nationalistic aspirations?

Key Vocabulary Anglo-Russian Entente Archduke Francis Ferdinand Arms Race Balkans Black Hand Gavrilo Princip Nedjelko Cabrinovic Pan-Slavism Russo-Japanese War Serbia Triple Alliance Triple Entente WWI