AIM 4170 ANTENNA ANALYZER Part 1 Ian Wade

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AIM 4170 ANTENNA ANALYZER Part 1 Ian Wade, G 3 NRW g 3 nrw-radio@ntlworld.

AIM 4170 ANTENNA ANALYZER Part 1 Ian Wade, G 3 NRW g 3 nrw-radio@ntlworld. com 8 September 2011 G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer Copyright © 2010, 2011 Ian Wade All Rights Reserved 1

AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer PART 1 INTRODUCING THE ANALYZER Antenna impedance – what does

AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer PART 1 INTRODUCING THE ANALYZER Antenna impedance – what does it mean? AIM 4170 capabilities Examples PART 2 USING THE ANALYZER AS A DESIGN TOOL Designing a 160 m/80 m Trap Dipole Measuring the Antenna. Feedpoint Impedance Remote AIM 4170 Operation G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 2

AIM 4170 PART 1 1: 2: Some Basic Definitions 3: Impedance, Resistance and Reactance

AIM 4170 PART 1 1: 2: Some Basic Definitions 3: Impedance, Resistance and Reactance 4: Impedance at the Transmitter, Feeder and Antenna 5: AIM 4170 Functions 6: Measuring Capacitance, Inductance and Resonance 7: Typical Antenna Scans 8: Some other AIM 4170 Functions 9: The Smith Chart 10: G 3 NRW Introduction to the AIM 4170 Time Division Reflectometry (TDR) Mode AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 3

Live Demonstrations • Tuning a 70 MHz groundplane • Measuring discrete components (L, C)

Live Demonstrations • Tuning a 70 MHz groundplane • Measuring discrete components (L, C) • Tuning traps • Designing a 160 m/80 m trap dipole • Determining antennafeedpoint impedance • Conjugate matching in the ATU • Remote control of the AIM 4170 via a. Wi. Fi link G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 4

AIM 4170 PART 1 1: 2: Some Basic Definitions 3: Impedance, Resistance and Reactance

AIM 4170 PART 1 1: 2: Some Basic Definitions 3: Impedance, Resistance and Reactance 4: Impedance at the Transmitter, Feeder and Antenna 5: AIM 4170 Functions 6: Measuring Capacitance, Inductance and Resonance 7: Typical Antenna Scans 8: Some other AIM 4170 Functions 9: The Smith Chart 10: G 3 NRW Introduction to the AIM 4170 Time Division Reflectometry (TDR) Mode AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 5

AIM 4170 Network Analyzer from Array Solutions • Vector Mode • Single-port Vector Network

AIM 4170 Network Analyzer from Array Solutions • Vector Mode • Single-port Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) measures impedance • Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) Mode measures time/distance G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 6

AIM 4170 Vector Mode • Frequency Coverage: AIM 4170 B: 100 k. Hz-180 MHz

AIM 4170 Vector Mode • Frequency Coverage: AIM 4170 B: 100 k. Hz-180 MHz AIM 4170 C: 5 k. Hz-180 MHz • Resistance and reactance: at the feeder input at the antenna feedpoint • Resistance, reactance and Q of discrete components • Return loss, reflection coefficient, SWR • Cable length, cable impedance, cable loss • Distance to fault (open or short), stub tuning • Smith chart display • Band scan for interfering signals • Quartz crystal parameters • Synthesized frequency source for receiver / filter testing • Software controlled • No internal calibration adjustments G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 7

AIM 4170 Connection to the Antenna AIM PC AIM 4170 G 3 NRW AIM

AIM 4170 Connection to the Antenna AIM PC AIM 4170 G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 8

AIM 4170 Connection to the PC AIM PC running AIM software RS 232 Serial

AIM 4170 Connection to the PC AIM PC running AIM software RS 232 Serial Link to antenna under test G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 9

AIM 4170 Front Panel G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 10

AIM 4170 Front Panel G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 10

AIM 4170 Rear Panel G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 11

AIM 4170 Rear Panel G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 11

AIM 4170 Internal Construction G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 12

AIM 4170 Internal Construction G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 12

AIM 4170 Input Protection Series relay – only closed when scanning Gas discharge tube

AIM 4170 Input Protection Series relay – only closed when scanning Gas discharge tube connected directly to ground 100 K resistor connected directly to ground Back-to-back silicon diodes in the measurement circuit The input to the AIM is DC coupled, so be sure there is no DC control voltage present on the line G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 13

AIM 4170 PART 1 1: 2: Some Basic Definitions 3: Impedance, Resistance and Reactance

AIM 4170 PART 1 1: 2: Some Basic Definitions 3: Impedance, Resistance and Reactance 4: Impedance at the Transmitter, Feeder and Antenna 5: AIM 4170 Functions 6: Measuring Capacitance, Inductance and Resonance 7: Typical Antenna Scans 8: Some other AIM 4170 Functions 9: The Smith Chart 10: G 3 NRW Introduction to the AIM 4170 Time Division Reflectometry (TDR) Mode AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 14

Feedpoints Antenna Feedpoint Feeder Feedpoint TX ATU G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer

Feedpoints Antenna Feedpoint Feeder Feedpoint TX ATU G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 15

Antenna System ANTENNA SYSTEM Antenna Feedpoint TX Antenna System Matching Unit Feeder Feedpoint ATU

Antenna System ANTENNA SYSTEM Antenna Feedpoint TX Antenna System Matching Unit Feeder Feedpoint ATU G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 16

AIM 4170 PART 1 1: 2: Some Basic Definitions 3: Impedance, Resistance and Reactance

AIM 4170 PART 1 1: 2: Some Basic Definitions 3: Impedance, Resistance and Reactance 4: Impedance at the Transmitter, Feeder and Antenna 5: AIM 4170 Functions 6: Measuring Capacitance, Inductance and Resonance 7: Typical Antenna Scans 8: Some other AIM 4170 Functions 9: The Smith Chart 10: G 3 NRW Introduction to the AIM 4170 Time Division Reflectometry (TDR) Mode AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 17

Impedance (Z) and Reactance (X) of the Antenna System Impedance (ohms) = Resistance (ohms)

Impedance (Z) and Reactance (X) of the Antenna System Impedance (ohms) = Resistance (ohms) + j Reactance (ohms) Z = R + j X R Radiation Resistance DC Resistance G 3 NRW +j X “AC Resistance” due to Inductance/Capacitance AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 18

Vectors and “j” Impedance (ohms) = Resistance (ohms) + j Reactance (ohms) Z =

Vectors and “j” Impedance (ohms) = Resistance (ohms) + j Reactance (ohms) Z = R + j X = 30 + j 62 Reactance (X) + 62 ohms Resistance (R) 30 ohms o” “j” means “rotate the vector by 90 G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 19

Inductive and Capacitive Reactance Resistance (R) 30 ohms Inductive Reactance (X) + 62 ohms

Inductive and Capacitive Reactance Resistance (R) 30 ohms Inductive Reactance (X) + 62 ohms Capacitive Reactance (X) – 62 ohms Resistance (R) 30 ohms Z = 30 + j 62 G 3 NRW Z = 30 – j 62 AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 20

Inductive and Capacitive Reactance (X) L XL (ohms) + 62. 84 XL = 2

Inductive and Capacitive Reactance (X) L XL (ohms) + 62. 84 XL = 2 f L L = 1 µH + 6. 284 C XC = – 1 2 f. C 1 10 – 15. 91 f (MHz) – 159. 1 C = 1 n. F Xc (ohms) G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 21

Vectors and Phase Angle (theta) At 10 MHz V 69. 93 XL = +

Vectors and Phase Angle (theta) At 10 MHz V 69. 93 XL = + 62. 84 1 µH I + 62. 84 R = 30 +64 o + 64 o 30 Z = 30 + j 62. 84 Zmag = 69. 63 XC = – 15. 91 1 n. F R = 30 30 33. -28 96 V o – 15. 91 Z = 30 – j 15. 91 Zmag = 33. 96 G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer I -28 o 22

Non-Resonant Antenna (at 5 MHz) XL (ohms) 5 f (MHz) – 31. 82 +

Non-Resonant Antenna (at 5 MHz) XL (ohms) 5 f (MHz) – 31. 82 + 31. 42 L = 1 µH C = 1 n. F f (MHz) 5 Xc (ohms) At 5 MHz XL = + 31. 42 1 µH V XC = – 31. 82 30 1 n. F R = 30 -0. 7 o – 0. 4 Z = 30 + j 31. 42 – j 31. 82 = 30 – j 0. 4 G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer I -0. 7 o 23

Resonant Antenna At resonance, the inductive reactance and the capacitive reactance are equal in

Resonant Antenna At resonance, the inductive reactance and the capacitive reactance are equal in magnitude and opposite in sign. XL = – XC 2 f L == f res = G 3 NRW 11 22 f f. CC 1 2 (L C) 1 = 5. 033 MHz 2 (1 µH * 1 n. F) AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 24

Resonant Antenna (at 5. 033 MHz) XL (ohms) 5. 033 – 31. 62 f

Resonant Antenna (at 5. 033 MHz) XL (ohms) 5. 033 – 31. 62 f (MHz) + 31. 62 L = 1 µH C = 1 n. F f (MHz) 5. 033 Xc (ohms) At 5. 033 MHz XL = + 31. 62 1 µH V XC = – 31. 62 1 n. F R = 30 Z = 30 + j 31. 62 – j 31. 62 = 30 + j 0 G 3 NRW I 30 AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 0 o 25

AIM 4170 Computations 1. Accurately measures the voltage, current and phase angle (theta) V

AIM 4170 Computations 1. Accurately measures the voltage, current and phase angle (theta) V I +57 o Z=V/I 55. 7 0 2. Computes the resistance & reactance vectors, and the impedance + 46. 93 Z = 30 + j 46. 93 Zmag = 55. 70 +57 o 30 3. Computes the SWR, reflection coefficient, cable loss etc SWR = Vmax Vmin G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 26

AIM 4170 Block Diagram 5 k. Hz – 180 MHz G 3 NRW AIM

AIM 4170 Block Diagram 5 k. Hz – 180 MHz G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 27

AIM 4170 PART 1 1: 2: Some Basic Definitions 3: Impedance, Resistance and Reactance

AIM 4170 PART 1 1: 2: Some Basic Definitions 3: Impedance, Resistance and Reactance 4: Impedance at the Transmitter, Feeder and Antenna 5: AIM 4170 Functions 6: Measuring Capacitance, Inductance and Resonance 7: Typical Antenna Scans 8: Some other AIM 4170 Functions 9: The Smith Chart 10: G 3 NRW Introduction to the AIM 4170 Time Division Reflectometry (TDR) Mode AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 28

Impedance at the TX, Feeder and Antenna The feeder is really an impedance transformer

Impedance at the TX, Feeder and Antenna The feeder is really an impedance transformer TX Feeder ATU ZT = R T + j. XT = 50 + j 0 G 3 NRW ZF = R F + j. XF ZA = R A + j. XA = 30 - j 22 AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer = 16 + j 123 29

AIM 4170 Measurement Points ANTENNA SYSTEM Feeder AIM 4170 ZF = R F +

AIM 4170 Measurement Points ANTENNA SYSTEM Feeder AIM 4170 ZF = R F + j. XF = 30 - j 22 G 3 NRW ZA = R A + j. XA = 16 + j 123 AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 30

AIM 4170 PART 1 1: 2: Some Basic Definitions 3: Impedance, Resistance and Reactance

AIM 4170 PART 1 1: 2: Some Basic Definitions 3: Impedance, Resistance and Reactance 4: Impedance at the Transmitter, Feeder and Antenna 5: AIM 4170 Functions 6: Measuring Capacitance, Inductance and Resonance 7: Typical Antenna Scans 8: Some other AIM 4170 Functions 9: The Smith Chart 10: G 3 NRW Introduction to the AIM 4170 Time Division Reflectometry (TDR) Mode AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 31

AIM 4170 Functions - 1 G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 32

AIM 4170 Functions - 1 G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 32

AIM 4170 Functions - 2 G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 33

AIM 4170 Functions - 2 G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 33

AIM 4170 PART 1 1: 2: Some Basic Definitions 3: Impedance, Resistance and Reactance

AIM 4170 PART 1 1: 2: Some Basic Definitions 3: Impedance, Resistance and Reactance 4: Impedance at the Transmitter, Feeder and Antenna 5: AIM 4170 Functions 6: Measuring Capacitance, Inductance and Resonance 7: Typical Antenna Scans 8: Some other AIM 4170 Functions 9: The Smith Chart 10: G 3 NRW Introduction to the AIM 4170 Time Division Reflectometry (TDR) Mode AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 34

AIM 4170 Component Measurement G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 35

AIM 4170 Component Measurement G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 35

Measuring Capacitance G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 36

Measuring Capacitance G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 36

Measuring Inductance G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 37

Measuring Inductance G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 37

Tuned Circuit Resonance G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 38

Tuned Circuit Resonance G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 38

AIM 4170 PART 1 1: 2: Some Basic Definitions 3: Impedance, Resistance and Reactance

AIM 4170 PART 1 1: 2: Some Basic Definitions 3: Impedance, Resistance and Reactance 4: Impedance at the Transmitter, Feeder and Antenna 5: AIM 4170 Functions 6: Measuring Capacitance, Inductance and Resonance 7: Typical Antenna Scans 8: Some other AIM 4170 Functions 9: The Smith Chart 10: G 3 NRW Introduction to the AIM 4170 Time Division Reflectometry (TDR) Mode AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 39

20 m Dipole (Courtesy Bob, W 5 BIG) G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna

20 m Dipole (Courtesy Bob, W 5 BIG) G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 40

G 5 RV – 1 -31 MHz G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer

G 5 RV – 1 -31 MHz G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 41

G 5 RV on Top Band – coax feed G 3 NRW AIM 4170

G 5 RV on Top Band – coax feed G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 42

G 5 RV on Top Band – strapped feed (Marconi T) G 3 NRW

G 5 RV on Top Band – strapped feed (Marconi T) G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 43

160 m Inverted L at 140 feet (Courtesy Paul, VE 7 BZ) G 3

160 m Inverted L at 140 feet (Courtesy Paul, VE 7 BZ) G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 44

Hustler 5 -BTV: 15 m (Courtesy Andy, M 5 ALA) G 3 NRW AIM

Hustler 5 -BTV: 15 m (Courtesy Andy, M 5 ALA) G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 45

Hustler 5 -BTV: 20 m (Courtesy Andy, M 5 ALA) G 3 NRW AIM

Hustler 5 -BTV: 20 m (Courtesy Andy, M 5 ALA) G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 46

Hustler 5 -BTV: 40 m (Courtesy Andy, M 5 ALA) G 3 NRW AIM

Hustler 5 -BTV: 40 m (Courtesy Andy, M 5 ALA) G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 47

Hustler 5 -BTV: 80 m (Courtesy Andy, M 5 ALA) G 3 NRW AIM

Hustler 5 -BTV: 80 m (Courtesy Andy, M 5 ALA) G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 48

Antenna Loading (Courtesy Steve, VK 2 ZSZ) G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer

Antenna Loading (Courtesy Steve, VK 2 ZSZ) G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 49

2 k. W Dummy Load 1 -151 MHz G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna

2 k. W Dummy Load 1 -151 MHz G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 50

2 k. W Dummy Load 1 -151 MHz G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna

2 k. W Dummy Load 1 -151 MHz G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 51

AIM 4170 PART 1 1: 2: Some Basic Definitions 3: Impedance, Resistance and Reactance

AIM 4170 PART 1 1: 2: Some Basic Definitions 3: Impedance, Resistance and Reactance 4: Impedance at the Transmitter, Feeder and Antenna 5: AIM 4170 Functions 6: Measuring Capacitance, Inductance and Resonance 7: Typical Antenna Scans 8: Some other AIM 4170 Functions 9: The Smith Chart 10: G 3 NRW Introduction to the AIM 4170 Time Division Reflectometry (TDR) Mode AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 52

Crystal Parameters G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 53

Crystal Parameters G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 53

Short Circuit G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 54

Short Circuit G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 54

Distance to Fault (short circuit) G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 55

Distance to Fault (short circuit) G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 55

Tuning a Quarter-Wave Stub G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 56

Tuning a Quarter-Wave Stub G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 56

Band Scan G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 57

Band Scan G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 57

Frequency Markers G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 58

Frequency Markers G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 58

Marker Data G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 59

Marker Data G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 59

Spreadsheet G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 60

Spreadsheet G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 60

AIM 4170 PART 1 1: 2: Some Basic Definitions 3: Impedance, Resistance and Reactance

AIM 4170 PART 1 1: 2: Some Basic Definitions 3: Impedance, Resistance and Reactance 4: Impedance at the Transmitter, Feeder and Antenna 5: AIM 4170 Functions 6: Measuring Capacitance, Inductance and Resonance 7: Typical Antenna Scans 8: Some other AIM 4170 Functions 9: The Smith Chart 10: G 3 NRW Introduction to the AIM 4170 Time Division Reflectometry (TDR) Mode AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 61

Smith Chart G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 62

Smith Chart G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 62

50 -ohm Termination: 1. 5 m Feeder G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer

50 -ohm Termination: 1. 5 m Feeder G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 63

Smith Chart: Cable Attenuation – 1. 5 m Feeder 40 MHz 80 MHz 70

Smith Chart: Cable Attenuation – 1. 5 m Feeder 40 MHz 80 MHz 70 MHz 0. 68 – j 0. 53 x 77. 28 = 53 – j 41 G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 64

50 -ohm Termination: 32. 5 m Feeder G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer

50 -ohm Termination: 32. 5 m Feeder G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 65

Smith Chart: Cable Attenuation – 32. 5 m Feeder G 3 NRW AIM 4170

Smith Chart: Cable Attenuation – 32. 5 m Feeder G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 66

AIM 4170 PART 1 1: 2: Some Basic Definitions 3: Impedance, Resistance and Reactance

AIM 4170 PART 1 1: 2: Some Basic Definitions 3: Impedance, Resistance and Reactance 4: Impedance at the Transmitter, Feeder and Antenna 5: AIM 4170 Functions 6: Measuring Capacitance, Inductance and Resonance 7: Typical Antenna Scans 8: Some other AIM 4170 Functions 9: The Smith Chart 10: G 3 NRW Introduction to the AIM 4170 Time Division Reflectometry (TDR) Mode AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 67

Basic TDR G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 68

Basic TDR G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 68

TDR Menu G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 69

TDR Menu G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 69

75 -ohm feeder in series with 50 -ohm feeder Antenna 50 -ohm Feeder 75

75 -ohm feeder in series with 50 -ohm feeder Antenna 50 -ohm Feeder 75 -ohm Feeder G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 70

Feeder with Low-Pass Filter inserted Antenna without LPF with LPF Feeder 50 MHz Low-Pass

Feeder with Low-Pass Filter inserted Antenna without LPF with LPF Feeder 50 MHz Low-Pass Filter G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 71

AIM 4170 ANTENNA ANALYZER End of Part 1 28 April 2011 G 3 NRW

AIM 4170 ANTENNA ANALYZER End of Part 1 28 April 2011 G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 72

AIM 4170 ANTENNA ANALYZER Ian Wade, G 3 NRW g 3 nrw-radio@ntlworld. com This

AIM 4170 ANTENNA ANALYZER Ian Wade, G 3 NRW g 3 nrw-radio@ntlworld. com This presentation is located at: homepage. ntlworld. com/wadei/aim 4170. htm G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 73

AIM 4170 ANTENNA ANALYZER Part 2 Ian Wade, G 3 NRW g 3 nrw-radio@ntlworld.

AIM 4170 ANTENNA ANALYZER Part 2 Ian Wade, G 3 NRW g 3 nrw-radio@ntlworld. com 8 September 2011 G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer Copyright © 2010, 2011 Ian Wade All Rights Reserved 74

AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer PART 1 INTRODUCING THE ANALYZER Antenna impedance – what does

AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer PART 1 INTRODUCING THE ANALYZER Antenna impedance – what does it mean? AIM 4170 capabilities Examples PART 2 USING THE ANALYZER AS A DESIGN TOOL Designing a 160 m/80 m Trap Dipole Measuring the Antenna. Feedpoint Impedance Remote AIM 4170 Operation G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 75

AIM 4170 PART 2 11: Designing a 160 m/80 m Trap Dipole 12: The

AIM 4170 PART 2 11: Designing a 160 m/80 m Trap Dipole 12: The Feeder as an Impedance Transformer 13: Measuring the Antenna. Feedpoint Impedance 14: Conjugate Matching 15: Remote AIM 4170 Operation 16: Analyzer Comparisons 17: Conclusions G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 76

Live Demonstrations - 2 • Designing a 160 m/80 m trap dipole • Determining

Live Demonstrations - 2 • Designing a 160 m/80 m trap dipole • Determining antennafeedpoint impedance • Conjugate matching in the ATU • Remote control of the AIM 4170 via a. Wi. Fi link G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 77

AIM 4170 PART 2 11: Designing a 160 m/80 m Trap Dipole 12: The

AIM 4170 PART 2 11: Designing a 160 m/80 m Trap Dipole 12: The Feeder as an Impedance Transformer 13: Measuring the Antenna. Feedpoint Impedance 14: Conjugate Matching 15: Remote AIM 4170 Operation 16: Analyzer Comparisons 17: Conclusions G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 78

Designing a 160 m/80 m Trap Dipole At 80 m λ / 2 at

Designing a 160 m/80 m Trap Dipole At 80 m λ / 2 at 80 m B 80 m. Trap Balun At 160 m λ / 2 at 160 m A C B Loading Coil G 3 NRW Balun AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 79

80 m Trap G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 80

80 m Trap G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 80

80 m Trap: Resonant Freq = 3. 6913 MHz G 3 NRW AIM 4170

80 m Trap: Resonant Freq = 3. 6913 MHz G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 81

The Dipole at 80 m At 80 m λ / 2 at 80 m

The Dipole at 80 m At 80 m λ / 2 at 80 m B 3. 6913 MHz Balun From the Antenna Handbook: B = λ / 4 at 3. 69 MHz = 67 ft 6 inches (20. 574 m) G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 82

80 m Trap at 1. 86 MHz: Inductance = 9. 18µH G 3 NRW

80 m Trap at 1. 86 MHz: Inductance = 9. 18µH G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 83

The Dipole at 160 m At 160 m λ / 2 at 1. 86

The Dipole at 160 m At 160 m λ / 2 at 1. 86 MHz A 67’ 6” 9. 18 µH G 3 NRW Balun AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 84

Calculating the Required Wire Lengths - 1 9. 18 µH 67’ 6” (Courtesy Martin,

Calculating the Required Wire Lengths - 1 9. 18 µH 67’ 6” (Courtesy Martin, K 7 MEM) G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 85

Calculating the Required Wire Lengths - 2 9. 18 µH 67’ 6” (Courtesy Martin,

Calculating the Required Wire Lengths - 2 9. 18 µH 67’ 6” (Courtesy Martin, K 7 MEM) G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 86

The Finished 160 m/80 m Trap Dipole Design 238’ 6” 51’ 9” 80 m

The Finished 160 m/80 m Trap Dipole Design 238’ 6” 51’ 9” 80 m trap 67’ 6” Balun G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 87

Actual 160 m/80 m Dipole Results G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 88

Actual 160 m/80 m Dipole Results G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 88

AIM 4170 PART 2 11: Designing a 160 m/80 m Trap Dipole 12: The

AIM 4170 PART 2 11: Designing a 160 m/80 m Trap Dipole 12: The Feeder as an Impedance Transformer 13: Measuring the Antenna. Feedpoint Impedance 14: Conjugate Matching 15: Remote AIM 4170 Operation 16: Analyzer Comparisons 17: Conclusions G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 89

Antenna System with Basic Feeder ANTENNA SYSTEM Feeder TX ATU G 3 NRW AIM

Antenna System with Basic Feeder ANTENNA SYSTEM Feeder TX ATU G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 90

No resonance on 20 m G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 91

No resonance on 20 m G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 91

Antenna System with Extra 1. 5 m of Feeder Original Feeder Extra 1. 5

Antenna System with Extra 1. 5 m of Feeder Original Feeder Extra 1. 5 m of Feeder TX ATU G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 92

Extra 1. 5 m feeder: resonance on 20 m G 3 NRW AIM 4170

Extra 1. 5 m feeder: resonance on 20 m G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 93

No resonance on 20 m G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 94

No resonance on 20 m G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 94

Antenna System with Extra 3 m of Feeder Original Feeder Extra 3 m of

Antenna System with Extra 3 m of Feeder Original Feeder Extra 3 m of Feeder TX ATU G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 95

Extra 3 m feeder: resonance (almost) on 30 m G 3 NRW AIM 4170

Extra 3 m feeder: resonance (almost) on 30 m G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 96

Extra 1. 5 m feeder: resonance on 20 m G 3 NRW AIM 4170

Extra 1. 5 m feeder: resonance on 20 m G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 97

Original Feeder G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 98

Original Feeder G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 98

The feeder is really an impedance transformer Feeder AIM 4170 ZF = 30 -

The feeder is really an impedance transformer Feeder AIM 4170 ZF = 30 - j 22 G 3 NRW ZA = 16 + j 123 AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 99

AIM 4170 PART 2 11: Designing a 160 m/80 m Trap Dipole 12: The

AIM 4170 PART 2 11: Designing a 160 m/80 m Trap Dipole 12: The Feeder as an Impedance Transformer 13: Measuring the Antenna. Feedpoint Impedance 14: Conjugate Matching 15: Remote AIM 4170 Operation 16: Analyzer Comparisons 17: Conclusions G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 100

One Way to Read the Antenna Feedpoint Impedance AIM 4170 G 3 NRW AIM

One Way to Read the Antenna Feedpoint Impedance AIM 4170 G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 101

Custom Scan The AIM 4170 reverses out the feeder impedance transformation to obtain the

Custom Scan The AIM 4170 reverses out the feeder impedance transformation to obtain the antenna feedpoint impedance Feeder AIM 4170 ZA = 16 + j 123 G 3 NRW ZF = 30 - j 22 ZA = 16 + j 123 AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 102

Custom Feeder Calibration Feeder AIM 4170 1. Short Circuit 2. Open Circuit 3. Known

Custom Feeder Calibration Feeder AIM 4170 1. Short Circuit 2. Open Circuit 3. Known Resistance The custom calibration process is frequency dependent, so it is necessary to produce a custom calibration file for each band. G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 103

Example: 50 -ohm Resistive Load Feeder AIM 4170 50 ohms ZA = 50 +

Example: 50 -ohm Resistive Load Feeder AIM 4170 50 ohms ZA = 50 + j 0 G 3 NRW ZF = 62+ j 1 ZA = 50 + j 0 AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 104

50 -ohm Resistive Load: without correction ZF = 62 + j 1 G 3

50 -ohm Resistive Load: without correction ZF = 62 + j 1 G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 105

50 -ohm Resistive Load: with custom correction ZA = 49. 3 + j 0.

50 -ohm Resistive Load: with custom correction ZA = 49. 3 + j 0. 1 G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 106

70 MHz Groundplane: at feeder feedpoint ZA = 43 + j 0 G 3

70 MHz Groundplane: at feeder feedpoint ZA = 43 + j 0 G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 107

70 MHz Groundplane: at antenna feedpoint ZA = 31 - j 23 G 3

70 MHz Groundplane: at antenna feedpoint ZA = 31 - j 23 G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 108

AIM 4170 PART 2 11: Designing a 160 m/80 m Trap Dipole 12: The

AIM 4170 PART 2 11: Designing a 160 m/80 m Trap Dipole 12: The Feeder as an Impedance Transformer 13: Measuring the Antenna. Feedpoint Impedance 14: Conjugate Matching 15: Remote AIM 4170 Operation 16: Analyzer Comparisons 17: Conclusions G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 109

Conjugate Matching The ATU has to convert the feederfeedpoint impedance to 50 + j

Conjugate Matching The ATU has to convert the feederfeedpoint impedance to 50 + j 0 TX Feeder ATU ZT = 50 + j 0 G 3 NRW ZF = 30 - j 22 AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 110

ATU Matching (Courtesy Mike, WY 2 U) G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer

ATU Matching (Courtesy Mike, WY 2 U) G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 111

AIM 4170 PART 2 11: Designing a 160 m/80 m Trap Dipole 12: The

AIM 4170 PART 2 11: Designing a 160 m/80 m Trap Dipole 12: The Feeder as an Impedance Transformer 13: Measuring the Antenna. Feedpoint Impedance 14: Conjugate Matching 15: Remote AIM 4170 Operation 16: Analyzer Comparisons 17: Conclusions G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 112

AIM 4170 Remote Control AIM PC AIM 4170 G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna

AIM 4170 Remote Control AIM PC AIM 4170 G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 113

AIM 4170 Remote Control AIM PC Wi. Fi Connection Remote Netbook AIM 4170 G

AIM 4170 Remote Control AIM PC Wi. Fi Connection Remote Netbook AIM 4170 G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 114

Remote Desktop Control Server and Client Remote netbook running Java-enabled web browser Wi. Fi

Remote Desktop Control Server and Client Remote netbook running Java-enabled web browser Wi. Fi AIM PC running AIM software and Real. VNC remote desktop control software Wireless Router (any operating system) to antenna under test G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 115

Hazards of Remote AIM Control • Difficult to view display in bright light (need

Hazards of Remote AIM Control • Difficult to view display in bright light (need to increase screen brightness, increasing battery drain) • Risk of dropping thenetbook (wear it on a halter around the neck) • Risk of overflyingbirds …. . (tape some cling film over the keyboard, or dress like a scarecrow and wave your arms about) G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 116

Remote Operation through Wireless RS-232 Link Wi. Fi RS-232 Link www. vsc-x. com G

Remote Operation through Wireless RS-232 Link Wi. Fi RS-232 Link www. vsc-x. com G 3 NRW VSC-X AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer to antenna under test 117

AIM 4170 PART 2 11: Designing a 160 m/80 m Trap Dipole 12: The

AIM 4170 PART 2 11: Designing a 160 m/80 m Trap Dipole 12: The Feeder as an Impedance Transformer 13: Measuring the Antenna. Feedpoint Impedance 14: Conjugate Matching 15: Remote AIM 4170 Operation 16: Analyzer Comparisons 17: Conclusions G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 118

Analyzer Comparisons - 1 AIM 4170 (Courtesy Bob, W 5 BIG) G 3 NRW

Analyzer Comparisons - 1 AIM 4170 (Courtesy Bob, W 5 BIG) G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 119

Analyzer Comparisons - 2 AIM 4170 UK (Oct 2010) G 3 NRW £ 449

Analyzer Comparisons - 2 AIM 4170 UK (Oct 2010) G 3 NRW £ 449 £ 349 AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 120

AIM 4170 PART 2 11: Designing a 160 m/80 m Trap Dipole 12: The

AIM 4170 PART 2 11: Designing a 160 m/80 m Trap Dipole 12: The Feeder as an Impedance Transformer 13: Measuring the Antenna. Feedpoint Impedance 14: Conjugate Matching 15: Remote AIM 4170 Operation 16: Analyzer Comparisons 17: Conclusions G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 121

Conclusions The AIM 4170: • • • G 3 NRW Accurate Software controlled Updateable

Conclusions The AIM 4170: • • • G 3 NRW Accurate Software controlled Updateable Easy to use Remotely controllable Detailed scan documentation AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 122

UK Supplier Vine Antennas Ltd www. vinecom. co. uk G 3 NRW AIM 4170

UK Supplier Vine Antennas Ltd www. vinecom. co. uk G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 123

Some Related Links AIM Software and Documentation: www. w 5 big. com/prog_update. htm Comparisons

Some Related Links AIM Software and Documentation: www. w 5 big. com/prog_update. htm Comparisons between AIM 4170 and other analyzers : www. bnk. com/w 0 qe/AIM 4170_page 1. html www. antennasbyn 6 lf. com/files/vna_comparisons. pdf Product Reviews, QST, August 2007 AIM Discussion Forum: aim 4150. proboards. com/index. cgi Real. VNC Remote Desktop Server: www. realvnc. com/products/free/4. 1/index. html Interactive Tutorials on Transmission Lines, SWR, Smith Chart : www. fourier-series. com/rf-concepts/index. html Owen Duffy’s Experimenter’s Notebook : vk 1 od. net G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 124

Rad. Com Review July 2007 G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 125

Rad. Com Review July 2007 G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 125

Some Related Books The ARRL Antenna Book: www. arrl. org /shop/The-ARRL-Antenna-Book Reflections III: by

Some Related Books The ARRL Antenna Book: www. arrl. org /shop/The-ARRL-Antenna-Book Reflections III: by Walter Maxwell, W 2 DU w 2 du. com Antenna Topics: by Pat Hawker, G 3 VA www. rsgbshop. org/acatalog/Online_Catalogue_Antennas_37. html G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 126

Acknowledgements Many thanks to the following who kindly gave permission for their work to

Acknowledgements Many thanks to the following who kindly gave permission for their work to be included in this presentation: AIM Software and Product Information , by Bob, W 5 BIG (bob@w 5 big. com) www. w 5 big. com 160 m Inverted L Plot, by Paul, VE 7 BZ (ve 7 bz @shaw. ca) www. bcdxc. org/ve 7 bz_160 m_inverted_L_antenna. htm Hustler Antenna Plots, by Andy, M 5 ALA (andrew @amsnorthwest. co. uk ) www. amsnw. myzen. co. uk/radiostuff. html Electrically Short. Halfwave Dipole, by Martin, K 7 MEM (martin. e. meserve @lmco. com ) www. k 7 mem. 150 m. com/Electronic_Notebook/antennas/shortant. h tml L/C Impedance Matching Network Design Tool , by Mike, WY 2 U (wy 2 u @optonline. net) Analyzer Comparisons, by Bob, W 5 BIG (bob@w 5 big. com) www. arraysolutions. com/Products/aim_comparisons. htm G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 127

FINAL WARNING The AIM 4170 is H U G E LY addictive ! G

FINAL WARNING The AIM 4170 is H U G E LY addictive ! G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 128

AIM 4170 ANTENNA ANALYZER Ian Wade, G 3 NRW g 3 nrw-radio@ntlworld. com This

AIM 4170 ANTENNA ANALYZER Ian Wade, G 3 NRW g 3 nrw-radio@ntlworld. com This presentation is located at: homepage. ntlworld. com/wadei/aim 4170. htm G 3 NRW AIM 4170 Antenna Analyzer 129