Aids By Dr Haider Al Shamaaa AIDS Acquired
Aids By Dr Haider Al Shamaaa
AIDS (Acquired immune deficiency syndromes): A severe immunological disorder caused by the retrovirus HIV, resulting in a defect in cell-mediated immune response that is manifested by increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and to certain rare cancers, especially Kaposi's sarcoma. It is transmitted primarily by exposure to contaminated body fluids, especially blood and semen. HIV/AIDS Symptoms and Signs : Many people with HIV do not know they are infected. It is likely that 20% of HIV-positive individuals are unaware of their infection.
1 - Many people do not develop symptoms after they first get infected with HIV. Others have a history of a flu-like illness within several days to weeks after exposure to the virus. Early HIV symptoms also include fever, headache, tiredness, and enlarged lymph nodes in the neck. These symptoms usually disappear on their own within a few weeks. After that, the person feels normal and has no symptoms. This asymptomatic phase often lasts for years. 2 -The progression of disease varies widely among individuals. This state may last from a few months to more than 10 years. 1. During this period, the virus continues to multiply actively and infects and kills the cells of the immune system. 2. The virus destroys the cells that are the primary infection fighters, a type of white blood cell called CD 4 cells. 3. Even though the person has no symptoms, he or she is contagious and can pass HIV to others through the routes listed above. AIDS is the later stage of HIV infection, when the body begins losing its ability to fight infections. Once the CD 4 cell count falls low enough, an infected person is said to have AIDS. Sometimes, the diagnosis of AIDS is made because the person has unusual infections or cancers that show weak the immune system is.
3 - The infections that happen with AIDS are called infections because they take advantage of the opportunity to infect a weakened host. The infections include (but are not limited to) 1 - pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis, which causes wheezing; 2 -brain infection with toxoplasmosis which can cause trouble thinking or symptoms that mimic a stroke; 3 -widespread infection with a bacteria called MAC (mycobacterium avium complex) which can cause fever and weight loss; 4 -yeast infection of the swallowing tube (esophagus) which causes pain with swallowing; 5 -widespread diseases with certain fungi like histoplasmosis, which can cause fever, cough, anemia, and other problems. 4 - A weakened immune system can also lead to other unusual conditions: 1 - lymphoma in (a form of cancer of the lymphoid tissue) in the brain, which can cause fever and trouble thinking; 2 - a cancer of the soft tissues called Kaposi's sarcoma, which causes brown, reddish, or purple spots that develop on the skin or in the mouth.
When to Seek Medical Care: If you have engaged in unprotected sex outside of a mutually monogamous relationship or shared needles while using drugs, you should have an HIV test. Early detection and treatment of the infection can slow the growth of HIV. 1 - If you are pregnant and infected with HIV, you may be able to reduce the risk to your unborn child by getting treatment early. 2 - You can also avoid infecting others if you know that you have the disease. Testing is available anonymously and confidentially. A home test for HIV is also available. People known to have HIV infection or AIDS should go to the hospital any time they develop high fever, shortness of breath, coughing up blood, severe diarrhea, severe chest or abdominal infection, generalized weakness, severe headache, seizures, confusion, or a change in mental status. These may be the indication of a lifethreatening condition for which an urgent evaluation in the hospital's emergency department is recommended. All infected people should be under the regular care of a physician skilled in the treatment of HIV and AIDS. HIV/AIDS Oral Manifestations: Actinomycosis, Angular cheilitis, Aphthous ulcers, Candidiasis erythematous, Candidiasis pseudomembranous, gingival erythema, ulcerative Gingivitis, Herpes simplex, herpetic gingivostomatitis.
Dental management: Some common dental conditions associated with HIV / AIDS are: �Dry Mouth �Thrush �Swollen Glands �Gum Disease �Canker Sores �Herpes Simplex Lesions The most common side effect from HIV / AIDS medication is dry mouth. Saliva helps wash away bacteria and the acids that the bacteria produces along with sugars and foods, therefore, producing less saliva as a result of dry mouth can contribute to tooth, gingivitis and gum disease. If you have dry mouth, your dentist can prescribe a saliva substitute or a fluoride rinse to help decrease the risk of tooth decay. Regular dental check ups, brushing twice a day and flossing daily are important factors for people with HIV / AIDS. Dental visits may need to become more frequent as the disease progresses and the immune system weakens.
The dentist should take care because the virus is found in the saliva of the patient and it is present in other patient fluids, till now the mode of transmission through the saliva is not present but because of the presence of the virus in the saliva and other body fluids, we must have precautions, so report from the physician is very important to know the state of the patient, and the dentist should protect himself by using double gloves, mask, eye glass, the instruments should be cleaned and sterilized and separated from other instruments but disposable instruments are preferable including the turbine, and the patient should covered by prophylactic antibiotic because of the immunosuppressant.
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